NR 283 Pathophysiology Exam 1 with
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verified answers |
Etiology |- |correct |answer |Cause |of |particular |disease |on |microscopic |level
Pathogenesis |- |correct |answer |Story |of |how |disease |develops
Atrophy |- |correct |answer |Decrease |in |the |size |of |the |cells, |results |in |reduced |tissue |mass
Hypertrophy |- |correct |answer |Increase |in |cell |size, |results |in |enlarged |tissue |mass
Hyperplasia |- |correct |answer |Increased |number |of |cells, |results |in |enlarged |tissue |mass
Metaplasia |- |correct |answer |Mature |cell |type |is |replaced |by |a |different |mature |cell |type, |Ex: |
chronic |smokers, |cells |lose |cilia
Dysplasia |- |correct |answer |Cells |are |different |looking |varying |in |size |and |shape
Neoplasia |- |correct |answer |New |growth, |commonly |a |tumor. |May |be |malignant |or |benign
Apoptosis |- |correct |answer |Programmed |cell |death, |normal |occurrence |in |the |body
Ischemia |- |correct |answer |Deficit |of |oxygen |in |the |cells
Hypoxia |- |correct |answer |Reduced |oxygen |in |the |tissues
, Iatrogenic |- |correct |answer |illness |or |disease |process |because |a |medical |process |was |done |ex: |
CAUTI
Autosomal |Recessive |Disorders |- |correct |answer |Has |to |have |two |recessive |genes |to |have |
disease, |only |one |recessive |gene |to |be |carrier |ex: |Cystic |fibrosis, |PKU |(phenylketonuria), |Tay-
Sachs
Cystic |fibrosis |- |correct |answer |autosomal |recessive |disorder |that |causes |thick |mucous |
secretions
PKU |(phenylketonuria) |- |correct |answer |autosomal |recessive |disorder |that |causes |an |inability |
to |metabolize |phenylalanine. |Can |cause |mental |retardation. |Pt |must |follow |strict |very |low |
protein |diet
Tay-Sachs |- |correct |answer |autosomal |recessive |disorder |that |causes |an |enzyme |to |not |be |
produced |causing |fatty |proteins |build |up |causing |destruction |of |nerve |cells |in |the |brain |and |
spinal |cord
Autosomal |Dominant |Disorders |- |correct |answer |Only |takes |one |gene |for |disease |to |show. |
There |are |no |carriers, |either |have |disease |or |don't. |Marfan |Syndrome, |Huntington's, |Familial |
Hypercholesterolemia
Marfan |Syndrome |- |correct |answer |Autosomal |Dominant |Disorder, |causes |long |extremities, |
congenital |heart |defects
Huntington's |Disease |- |correct |answer |Autosomal |Dominant |Disorder, |nerve |cells |break |down |
over |time, |causing |involuntary |movements
Familial |Hypercholesterolemia |- |correct |answer |Autosomal |Dominant |Disorder, |high |
cholesterol
X-Linked |Disorders |- |correct |answer |Disorder |carried |on |the |x |chromosome
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verified answers |
Etiology |- |correct |answer |Cause |of |particular |disease |on |microscopic |level
Pathogenesis |- |correct |answer |Story |of |how |disease |develops
Atrophy |- |correct |answer |Decrease |in |the |size |of |the |cells, |results |in |reduced |tissue |mass
Hypertrophy |- |correct |answer |Increase |in |cell |size, |results |in |enlarged |tissue |mass
Hyperplasia |- |correct |answer |Increased |number |of |cells, |results |in |enlarged |tissue |mass
Metaplasia |- |correct |answer |Mature |cell |type |is |replaced |by |a |different |mature |cell |type, |Ex: |
chronic |smokers, |cells |lose |cilia
Dysplasia |- |correct |answer |Cells |are |different |looking |varying |in |size |and |shape
Neoplasia |- |correct |answer |New |growth, |commonly |a |tumor. |May |be |malignant |or |benign
Apoptosis |- |correct |answer |Programmed |cell |death, |normal |occurrence |in |the |body
Ischemia |- |correct |answer |Deficit |of |oxygen |in |the |cells
Hypoxia |- |correct |answer |Reduced |oxygen |in |the |tissues
, Iatrogenic |- |correct |answer |illness |or |disease |process |because |a |medical |process |was |done |ex: |
CAUTI
Autosomal |Recessive |Disorders |- |correct |answer |Has |to |have |two |recessive |genes |to |have |
disease, |only |one |recessive |gene |to |be |carrier |ex: |Cystic |fibrosis, |PKU |(phenylketonuria), |Tay-
Sachs
Cystic |fibrosis |- |correct |answer |autosomal |recessive |disorder |that |causes |thick |mucous |
secretions
PKU |(phenylketonuria) |- |correct |answer |autosomal |recessive |disorder |that |causes |an |inability |
to |metabolize |phenylalanine. |Can |cause |mental |retardation. |Pt |must |follow |strict |very |low |
protein |diet
Tay-Sachs |- |correct |answer |autosomal |recessive |disorder |that |causes |an |enzyme |to |not |be |
produced |causing |fatty |proteins |build |up |causing |destruction |of |nerve |cells |in |the |brain |and |
spinal |cord
Autosomal |Dominant |Disorders |- |correct |answer |Only |takes |one |gene |for |disease |to |show. |
There |are |no |carriers, |either |have |disease |or |don't. |Marfan |Syndrome, |Huntington's, |Familial |
Hypercholesterolemia
Marfan |Syndrome |- |correct |answer |Autosomal |Dominant |Disorder, |causes |long |extremities, |
congenital |heart |defects
Huntington's |Disease |- |correct |answer |Autosomal |Dominant |Disorder, |nerve |cells |break |down |
over |time, |causing |involuntary |movements
Familial |Hypercholesterolemia |- |correct |answer |Autosomal |Dominant |Disorder, |high |
cholesterol
X-Linked |Disorders |- |correct |answer |Disorder |carried |on |the |x |chromosome
