BS 161 Final Exam with precise detailed
| | | | | | |
answers
In |yeast |signal |transduction, |the |yeast |cells |
A)secrete |molecules |that |result |in |response |by |other |yeast |cells. |
B)must |physically |and |directly |interact. |
C)produce |signal |molecules |that |change |themselves |so |they |can |interact |with |one |another. |
D)produce |response |molecules |that |diffuse |to |other |yeast |cells. |
E)mate, |after |which |the |new |cells |secrete |hybrid |signals. |- |correct |answers | |A
Which |of |the |following |is |true |for |the |signaling |system |in |an |animal |cell |that |lacks |the |ability |
to |
produce |GTP? |
A)It |would |employ |a |transduction |pathway |directly |from |an |external |messenger. |
B)It |could |activate |only |the |epinephrine |system. |
C)It |would |not |be |able |to |activate |and |inactivate |the |G |protein |on |the |cytoplasmic |side |of |the |
plasma |membrane. |
D)It |would |use |ATP |instead |of |GTP |to |activate |and |inactivate |the |G |protein |on |the |
cytoplasmic |side |of |the |plasma |membrane. |
E)It |would |be |able |to |carry |out |reception |and |transduction |but |would |not |be |able |to |respond |
to |a |signal. |- |correct |answers | |C
Because |most |receptors |are |membrane |proteins, |which |of |the |following |is |usually |true? |
A)They |open |and |close |in |response |to |protein |signals. |
B)They |change |their |conformation |after |binding |with |signal |polypeptides. |
C)They |are |only |attached |to |one |membrane |surface: |exterior |or |interior. |
D)They |preferentially |bind |with |lipid |or |glycolipid |signal |molecules. |
,E)They |lead |to |changes |in |intracellular |ion |concentration. |- |correct |answers | |B
Since |steroid |receptors |are |located |intracellularly, |which |of |the |following |is |true? |
A)The |receptor |molecules |are |themselves |lipids |or |glycolipids. |
B)The |steroid/receptor |complex |can |cross |the |nuclear |membrane. |
C)The |receptor |molecules |are |free |to |move |in |and |out |of |most |organelles. |
D)The |unbound |steroid |receptors |are |quickly |recycled |by |lysosomes. |
E)The |concentration |of |steroid |receptors |must |be |relatively |high |in |most |cells. |- |correct |
answers | |B
The |receptors |for |a |group |of |signaling |molecules |known |as |growth |factors |are |often |
A)cyclic |AMP. |
B)ligand-gated |ion |channels. |
C)neurotransmitters. |
D)receptor |tyrosine |kinases. |
E)G |protein-coupled |receptors. |- |correct |answers | |D
Binding |of |a |signaling |molecule |to |which |type |of |receptor |leads |directly |to |a |change |in |the |
distribution |of |ions |on |opposite |sides |of |the |membrane? |
A)phosphorylated |receptor |tyrosine |kinase |dimer |
B)ligand-gated |ion |channel |
C)G |protein-coupled |receptor |
D)intracellular |receptor |
E)receptor |tyrosine |kinase |- |correct |answers | |B
If |an |adult |person |has |a |faulty |version |of |the |human |analog |to |ced-4 |of |the |nematode, |which |
of |
the |following |is |most |likely |to |result? |
A)activation |of |a |developmental |pathway |found |in |the |worm |but |not |in |humans |
,B)webbing |of |fingers |or |toes |
C)a |form |of |cancer |in |which |there |is |insufficient |apoptosis |
D)neurodegeneration |
E)excess |skin |exfoliation |- |correct |answers | |C
A |drug |designed |to |inhibit |the |response |of |cells |to |testosterone |would |almost |certainly |result |
in |
which |of |the |following? |
A)an |increase |in |cytosolic |calcium |concentration |
B)an |increase |in |receptor |tyrosine |kinase |activity |
C)lower |cytoplasmic |levels |of |cAMP |
D)a |decrease |in |G |protein |activity |
E)a |decrease |in |transcriptional |activity |of |certain |genes |- |correct |answers | |E
Which |of |the |following |is |a |correct |association? |
A)GTPase |activity |and |hydrolysis |of |GTP |to |GDP |
B)adenylyl |cyclase |activity |and |the |conversion |of |cAMP |to |AMP |
C)phosphorylase |activity |and |the |catabolism |of |glucose |
D)phosphodiesterase |activity |and |the |removal |of |phosphate |groups |
E)kinase |activity |and |the |addition |of |a |tyrosine |- |correct |answers | |A
An |inhibitor |of |which |of |the |following |could |be |used |to |block |the |release |of |calcium |from |the |
endoplasmic |reticulum? |
A)tyrosine |kinases |
B)adenylyl |cyclase |
C)serine/threonine |kinases |
D)phosphodiesterase |
E)phospholipase |C |- |correct |answers | |E
, Which |of |the |following |most |likely |would |be |an |immediate |result |of |growth |factor |binding |to |
its |
receptor? |
A)protein |kinase |activity |
B)phosphorylase |activity |
C)GTPase |activity |
D)protein |phosphatase
E)adenylyl |cyclas |eactivity |- |correct |answers | |A
Barbara |McClintock, |who |achieved |fame |for |discovering |that |genes |could |move |within |
genomes, |
had |her |meticulous |work |ignored |for |nearly |four |decades, |but |eventually |won |the |Nobel |Prize.
|
Why |was |her |work |so |distrusted? |
A)She |worked |only |with |maize, |which |was |considered |"merely" |a |plant. |
B)Geneticists |did |not |want |to |lose |their |cherished |notions |of |DNA |stability. |
C)She |allowed |no |one |else |to |duplicate |her |work. |
D)The |work |of |women |scientists |was |still |not |allowed |to |be |published. |
E)There |were |too |many |alternative |explanations |for |transposition. |- |correct |answers | |B
Which |of |the |following |is |a |representation |of |gene |density? |
A)Humans |have |~20,000 |genes |in |2,900 |Mb. |
B)C. |elegans |has |~20,000 |genes. |
C)Fritillaria |has |a |genome |40 |times |the |size |of |a |human. |
D)Humans |have |27,000 |bp |in |introns. |
E)Humans |have |2,900 |Mb |per |genome. |- |correct |answers | |A
If |humans |have |2,900 |Mb, |a |specific |member |of |the |lily |family |has |120,000 |Mb, |and |a |yeast |
has |
| | | | | | |
answers
In |yeast |signal |transduction, |the |yeast |cells |
A)secrete |molecules |that |result |in |response |by |other |yeast |cells. |
B)must |physically |and |directly |interact. |
C)produce |signal |molecules |that |change |themselves |so |they |can |interact |with |one |another. |
D)produce |response |molecules |that |diffuse |to |other |yeast |cells. |
E)mate, |after |which |the |new |cells |secrete |hybrid |signals. |- |correct |answers | |A
Which |of |the |following |is |true |for |the |signaling |system |in |an |animal |cell |that |lacks |the |ability |
to |
produce |GTP? |
A)It |would |employ |a |transduction |pathway |directly |from |an |external |messenger. |
B)It |could |activate |only |the |epinephrine |system. |
C)It |would |not |be |able |to |activate |and |inactivate |the |G |protein |on |the |cytoplasmic |side |of |the |
plasma |membrane. |
D)It |would |use |ATP |instead |of |GTP |to |activate |and |inactivate |the |G |protein |on |the |
cytoplasmic |side |of |the |plasma |membrane. |
E)It |would |be |able |to |carry |out |reception |and |transduction |but |would |not |be |able |to |respond |
to |a |signal. |- |correct |answers | |C
Because |most |receptors |are |membrane |proteins, |which |of |the |following |is |usually |true? |
A)They |open |and |close |in |response |to |protein |signals. |
B)They |change |their |conformation |after |binding |with |signal |polypeptides. |
C)They |are |only |attached |to |one |membrane |surface: |exterior |or |interior. |
D)They |preferentially |bind |with |lipid |or |glycolipid |signal |molecules. |
,E)They |lead |to |changes |in |intracellular |ion |concentration. |- |correct |answers | |B
Since |steroid |receptors |are |located |intracellularly, |which |of |the |following |is |true? |
A)The |receptor |molecules |are |themselves |lipids |or |glycolipids. |
B)The |steroid/receptor |complex |can |cross |the |nuclear |membrane. |
C)The |receptor |molecules |are |free |to |move |in |and |out |of |most |organelles. |
D)The |unbound |steroid |receptors |are |quickly |recycled |by |lysosomes. |
E)The |concentration |of |steroid |receptors |must |be |relatively |high |in |most |cells. |- |correct |
answers | |B
The |receptors |for |a |group |of |signaling |molecules |known |as |growth |factors |are |often |
A)cyclic |AMP. |
B)ligand-gated |ion |channels. |
C)neurotransmitters. |
D)receptor |tyrosine |kinases. |
E)G |protein-coupled |receptors. |- |correct |answers | |D
Binding |of |a |signaling |molecule |to |which |type |of |receptor |leads |directly |to |a |change |in |the |
distribution |of |ions |on |opposite |sides |of |the |membrane? |
A)phosphorylated |receptor |tyrosine |kinase |dimer |
B)ligand-gated |ion |channel |
C)G |protein-coupled |receptor |
D)intracellular |receptor |
E)receptor |tyrosine |kinase |- |correct |answers | |B
If |an |adult |person |has |a |faulty |version |of |the |human |analog |to |ced-4 |of |the |nematode, |which |
of |
the |following |is |most |likely |to |result? |
A)activation |of |a |developmental |pathway |found |in |the |worm |but |not |in |humans |
,B)webbing |of |fingers |or |toes |
C)a |form |of |cancer |in |which |there |is |insufficient |apoptosis |
D)neurodegeneration |
E)excess |skin |exfoliation |- |correct |answers | |C
A |drug |designed |to |inhibit |the |response |of |cells |to |testosterone |would |almost |certainly |result |
in |
which |of |the |following? |
A)an |increase |in |cytosolic |calcium |concentration |
B)an |increase |in |receptor |tyrosine |kinase |activity |
C)lower |cytoplasmic |levels |of |cAMP |
D)a |decrease |in |G |protein |activity |
E)a |decrease |in |transcriptional |activity |of |certain |genes |- |correct |answers | |E
Which |of |the |following |is |a |correct |association? |
A)GTPase |activity |and |hydrolysis |of |GTP |to |GDP |
B)adenylyl |cyclase |activity |and |the |conversion |of |cAMP |to |AMP |
C)phosphorylase |activity |and |the |catabolism |of |glucose |
D)phosphodiesterase |activity |and |the |removal |of |phosphate |groups |
E)kinase |activity |and |the |addition |of |a |tyrosine |- |correct |answers | |A
An |inhibitor |of |which |of |the |following |could |be |used |to |block |the |release |of |calcium |from |the |
endoplasmic |reticulum? |
A)tyrosine |kinases |
B)adenylyl |cyclase |
C)serine/threonine |kinases |
D)phosphodiesterase |
E)phospholipase |C |- |correct |answers | |E
, Which |of |the |following |most |likely |would |be |an |immediate |result |of |growth |factor |binding |to |
its |
receptor? |
A)protein |kinase |activity |
B)phosphorylase |activity |
C)GTPase |activity |
D)protein |phosphatase
E)adenylyl |cyclas |eactivity |- |correct |answers | |A
Barbara |McClintock, |who |achieved |fame |for |discovering |that |genes |could |move |within |
genomes, |
had |her |meticulous |work |ignored |for |nearly |four |decades, |but |eventually |won |the |Nobel |Prize.
|
Why |was |her |work |so |distrusted? |
A)She |worked |only |with |maize, |which |was |considered |"merely" |a |plant. |
B)Geneticists |did |not |want |to |lose |their |cherished |notions |of |DNA |stability. |
C)She |allowed |no |one |else |to |duplicate |her |work. |
D)The |work |of |women |scientists |was |still |not |allowed |to |be |published. |
E)There |were |too |many |alternative |explanations |for |transposition. |- |correct |answers | |B
Which |of |the |following |is |a |representation |of |gene |density? |
A)Humans |have |~20,000 |genes |in |2,900 |Mb. |
B)C. |elegans |has |~20,000 |genes. |
C)Fritillaria |has |a |genome |40 |times |the |size |of |a |human. |
D)Humans |have |27,000 |bp |in |introns. |
E)Humans |have |2,900 |Mb |per |genome. |- |correct |answers | |A
If |humans |have |2,900 |Mb, |a |specific |member |of |the |lily |family |has |120,000 |Mb, |and |a |yeast |
has |
