Medical Physics ABR Part 1 Clinical | Actual Exam
Questions and Answers with Complete Solutions 100%
Correct | Updated 2025
Question 1
Rate the body systems in order of decreasing radio-sensitivity:
A) Muscle, brain, nerves, spinal cord > Lungs, kidneys, Liver, Pancreas >
Bone and cartilage > Skin, cornea, lens of eyes, GI organs > Hematopoietic,
Reproductive
B) Hematopoietic, Reproductive > Skin, cornea, lens of eyes, GI organs >
Bone and cartilage > Lungs, kidneys, Liver, Pancreas > Muscle, brain,
nerves, spinal cord
C) Skin, cornea, lens of eyes, GI organs > Hematopoietic, Reproductive >
Bone and cartilage > Lungs, kidneys, Liver, Pancreas > Muscle, brain,
nerves, spinal cord
D) Reproductive, Hematopoietic > Skin, cornea, lens of eyes, GI organs >
Lungs, kidneys, Liver, Pancreas > Bone and cartilage > Muscle, brain,
nerves, spinal cord
E) Hematopoietic, Reproductive > Muscle, brain, nerves, spinal cord > Skin,
cornea, lens of eyes, GI organs > Lungs, kidneys, Liver, Pancreas > Bone and
cartilage
Correct Answer: B) 1. Hematopoietic, Reproductive (2-5 Gy) 2. Skin,
cornea, lens of eyes, GI organs (10 Gy) 3. Bone and cartilage 4.
Lungs, kidneys, Liver, Pancreas 5. Muscle, brain, nerves, spinal cord
(20 Gy)
Rationale: The order of decreasing radio-sensitivity is:
Hematopoietic/Reproductive (2-5 Gy), followed by
Skin/Cornea/Lens/GI organs (10 Gy), then Bone/Cartilage, then
Lungs/Kidneys/Liver/Pancreas, and finally
Muscle/Brain/Nerves/Spinal Cord (20 Gy).
Question 2
a. What are the components of the cell cycle & their order?
b. What is the relative radio-sensitivity of each?
,A) a. G1 -> S -> G2 -> M; b. G1 > S > G2 > M
B) a. M -> G1 -> S -> G2; b. S > G1 > G2 > M
C) a. G1 -> S -> G2 -> M; b. M > G2 > G1 > S
D) a. M -> G2 -> S -> G1; b. G2 > S > G1 > M
E) a. S -> G1 -> G2 -> M; b. G1 > G2 > M > S
Correct Answer: C) a. M -> G1 -> S -> G2 b. M > G2 > G1 > S
Rationale: The cell cycle order is Mitosis (M), Gap 1 (G1), Synthesis
(S), Gap 2 (G2). The relative radio-sensitivity in decreasing order is
M > G2 > G1 > S.
Question 3
Which part of the brain is responsible for motor control and balance, and is
located directly posterior to the brain stem?
A) Cerebrum
B) Cerebral cortex
C) Cerebellum
D) Thalamus
E) Hypothalamus
Correct Answer: C) Cerebellum
Rationale: The Cerebellum's function is motor control and balance,
and its location is directly posterior to the brain stem.
Question 4
Which part of the brain is responsible for higher functions like thought and
action, and is divided into four lobes?
A) Cerebellum
B) Brain stem
C) Cerebrum
D) Corpus callosum
E) Thalamus
Correct Answer: C) Cerebrum
Rationale: The Cerebrum's function includes higher functions like
,thought and action, and it is divided into 4 lobes: frontal (anterior),
parietal (superior), occipital (posterior), temporal (lateral x 2).
Question 5
What is the sheet of neural tissue outermost to the cerebrum, also known as
grey matter?
A) Cerebellum
B) Brain stem
C) Corpus callosum
D) Cerebral cortex
E) Thalami
Correct Answer: D) Cerebral cortex
Rationale: The Cerebral cortex is the sheet of neural tissue outermost
to the cerebrum, which is grey matter.
Question 6
What part of the brain is responsible for basic vital life functions (breathing,
heartbeat, etc.)?
A) Cerebrum
B) Cerebellum
C) Brain stem
D) Thalamus
E) Hypothalamus
Correct Answer: C) Brain stem
Rationale: The Brain stem's function is basic vital life functions
(breathing, heartbeat, etc.).
Question 7
What structure connects the two parts of the cerebrum, allowing the two
hemispheres to communicate?
A) Cerebellum
B) Brain stem
C) Cerebral cortex
, D) Corpus callosum
E) Thalamus
Correct Answer: D) Corpus callosum
Rationale: The Corpus callosum connects the two parts of the
cerebrum, allowing the two hemispheres to communicate (i.e., "call"
each other).
Question 8
a. Where are the alveoli located?
b. What is their function?
A) a. Heart; b. Pump blood
B) a. Kidneys; b. Filter blood
C) a. Lungs; b. Air-lung interface. Diffusion of O2, CO2.
D) a. Liver; b. Produce bile
E) a. Brain; b. Control thought
Correct Answer: C) a. Lungs b. Air-lung interface. Diffusion of O2, CO2.
Rationale: Alveoli are located in the lungs and their function is to
serve as the air-lung interface for the diffusion of O2 and CO2.
Question 9
a. Describe a hiatal hernia condition.
b. Which imaging modality is used to diagnose it?
A) a. Part of the esophagus sticks into the stomach; b. MRI
B) a. Part of the stomach sticks upward into the chest through opening in the
diaphragm; b. UGI x-ray after ingestion of barium.
C) a. Part of the small intestine protrudes into the chest; b. CT scan
D) a. Part of the colon protrudes through the abdominal wall; b. Colonoscopy
E) a. Part of the liver protrudes into the chest; b. Ultrasound
Correct Answer: B) a. Part of the stomach sticks upward into the chest
through opening in the diaphragm. b. UGI x-ray after ingestion of
barium.
Rationale: A hiatal hernia occurs when part of the stomach sticks
Questions and Answers with Complete Solutions 100%
Correct | Updated 2025
Question 1
Rate the body systems in order of decreasing radio-sensitivity:
A) Muscle, brain, nerves, spinal cord > Lungs, kidneys, Liver, Pancreas >
Bone and cartilage > Skin, cornea, lens of eyes, GI organs > Hematopoietic,
Reproductive
B) Hematopoietic, Reproductive > Skin, cornea, lens of eyes, GI organs >
Bone and cartilage > Lungs, kidneys, Liver, Pancreas > Muscle, brain,
nerves, spinal cord
C) Skin, cornea, lens of eyes, GI organs > Hematopoietic, Reproductive >
Bone and cartilage > Lungs, kidneys, Liver, Pancreas > Muscle, brain,
nerves, spinal cord
D) Reproductive, Hematopoietic > Skin, cornea, lens of eyes, GI organs >
Lungs, kidneys, Liver, Pancreas > Bone and cartilage > Muscle, brain,
nerves, spinal cord
E) Hematopoietic, Reproductive > Muscle, brain, nerves, spinal cord > Skin,
cornea, lens of eyes, GI organs > Lungs, kidneys, Liver, Pancreas > Bone and
cartilage
Correct Answer: B) 1. Hematopoietic, Reproductive (2-5 Gy) 2. Skin,
cornea, lens of eyes, GI organs (10 Gy) 3. Bone and cartilage 4.
Lungs, kidneys, Liver, Pancreas 5. Muscle, brain, nerves, spinal cord
(20 Gy)
Rationale: The order of decreasing radio-sensitivity is:
Hematopoietic/Reproductive (2-5 Gy), followed by
Skin/Cornea/Lens/GI organs (10 Gy), then Bone/Cartilage, then
Lungs/Kidneys/Liver/Pancreas, and finally
Muscle/Brain/Nerves/Spinal Cord (20 Gy).
Question 2
a. What are the components of the cell cycle & their order?
b. What is the relative radio-sensitivity of each?
,A) a. G1 -> S -> G2 -> M; b. G1 > S > G2 > M
B) a. M -> G1 -> S -> G2; b. S > G1 > G2 > M
C) a. G1 -> S -> G2 -> M; b. M > G2 > G1 > S
D) a. M -> G2 -> S -> G1; b. G2 > S > G1 > M
E) a. S -> G1 -> G2 -> M; b. G1 > G2 > M > S
Correct Answer: C) a. M -> G1 -> S -> G2 b. M > G2 > G1 > S
Rationale: The cell cycle order is Mitosis (M), Gap 1 (G1), Synthesis
(S), Gap 2 (G2). The relative radio-sensitivity in decreasing order is
M > G2 > G1 > S.
Question 3
Which part of the brain is responsible for motor control and balance, and is
located directly posterior to the brain stem?
A) Cerebrum
B) Cerebral cortex
C) Cerebellum
D) Thalamus
E) Hypothalamus
Correct Answer: C) Cerebellum
Rationale: The Cerebellum's function is motor control and balance,
and its location is directly posterior to the brain stem.
Question 4
Which part of the brain is responsible for higher functions like thought and
action, and is divided into four lobes?
A) Cerebellum
B) Brain stem
C) Cerebrum
D) Corpus callosum
E) Thalamus
Correct Answer: C) Cerebrum
Rationale: The Cerebrum's function includes higher functions like
,thought and action, and it is divided into 4 lobes: frontal (anterior),
parietal (superior), occipital (posterior), temporal (lateral x 2).
Question 5
What is the sheet of neural tissue outermost to the cerebrum, also known as
grey matter?
A) Cerebellum
B) Brain stem
C) Corpus callosum
D) Cerebral cortex
E) Thalami
Correct Answer: D) Cerebral cortex
Rationale: The Cerebral cortex is the sheet of neural tissue outermost
to the cerebrum, which is grey matter.
Question 6
What part of the brain is responsible for basic vital life functions (breathing,
heartbeat, etc.)?
A) Cerebrum
B) Cerebellum
C) Brain stem
D) Thalamus
E) Hypothalamus
Correct Answer: C) Brain stem
Rationale: The Brain stem's function is basic vital life functions
(breathing, heartbeat, etc.).
Question 7
What structure connects the two parts of the cerebrum, allowing the two
hemispheres to communicate?
A) Cerebellum
B) Brain stem
C) Cerebral cortex
, D) Corpus callosum
E) Thalamus
Correct Answer: D) Corpus callosum
Rationale: The Corpus callosum connects the two parts of the
cerebrum, allowing the two hemispheres to communicate (i.e., "call"
each other).
Question 8
a. Where are the alveoli located?
b. What is their function?
A) a. Heart; b. Pump blood
B) a. Kidneys; b. Filter blood
C) a. Lungs; b. Air-lung interface. Diffusion of O2, CO2.
D) a. Liver; b. Produce bile
E) a. Brain; b. Control thought
Correct Answer: C) a. Lungs b. Air-lung interface. Diffusion of O2, CO2.
Rationale: Alveoli are located in the lungs and their function is to
serve as the air-lung interface for the diffusion of O2 and CO2.
Question 9
a. Describe a hiatal hernia condition.
b. Which imaging modality is used to diagnose it?
A) a. Part of the esophagus sticks into the stomach; b. MRI
B) a. Part of the stomach sticks upward into the chest through opening in the
diaphragm; b. UGI x-ray after ingestion of barium.
C) a. Part of the small intestine protrudes into the chest; b. CT scan
D) a. Part of the colon protrudes through the abdominal wall; b. Colonoscopy
E) a. Part of the liver protrudes into the chest; b. Ultrasound
Correct Answer: B) a. Part of the stomach sticks upward into the chest
through opening in the diaphragm. b. UGI x-ray after ingestion of
barium.
Rationale: A hiatal hernia occurs when part of the stomach sticks
