PBSI 311 – Exam 2 Questions and Correct Answers | Animal Behavior and Ethology Study Guide

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PBSI 311 – Exam 2 Questions and Correct Answers | Animal Behavior and Ethology Study Guide

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93 pages

2025/2026

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Course PBSI

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This document provides the complete and verified set of PBSI 311 Exam 1 questions and correct answers, covering key concepts in animal behavior and ethology. Topics include Tinbergen’s four questions, proximate and ultimate analysis, natural and artificial selection, cultural transmission, learning theories, kin selection, and evolutionary behavior. It also reviews case studies involving crickets, voles, ducks, bees, and guppies to illustrate behavioral adaptation and learning mechanisms. Perfect for students preparing for PBSI 311 exams or reviewing behavioral biology fundamentals.

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PBSI 311 EXAM 2 WITH ALL Q UESTIO NS
AND ANSWERS

Initheicontextiofianimalibehavioristudies,iwhatidoesicooper
ationimean?i- ANSWER

Outcomeiofi2iorimoreiindividualsiinteractingisuchithatithe
yireceiveiainetibenefitifromitheiriinteractionievenithoughit
hereiareicosts;ibehavingiiniaiwayithatimakesitheiexpectedibe
nefitsipossible

Knowitheicaseistudyioficooperationiinielephants.iWhatiwereit
hei3itasksiandiwhatididieachiofithemishowiregardingianielepha
nt'siabilityitoiworkialoneianditoiworkiwithiothers?i-ANSWER
taski1-
iElephantsitraineditoipulliairopeiattached itoigetiaibowliofifood.iT

hisiisiaisoloitask.

taski2-

i Elephantsineededitoiworkitogetheritoipulli2iropesit

oigetiaifoodireward

1) Elephantsireleasediatitheisameitimei(wor

kingitogethericouldibeicoincidental)

2) Elephantireleaseistaggeredi(workingitoge

therirequiresiwaiting,isupportsicooperatio

n)

taski3-

i Elephantsireleasediatitheisameitimeibutioneiropeiisi

madeiinaccessiblei(workingitogetherinotipossible,i

noicooperation)

,KnowitheicaseistudyioficooperationiiniRodriguesifruitibats.i
Whatitypeiofibehaviorsididitheihelperiengageiiniandiwhatiisi
aipossibleiexplanationiforiwhy?i-
i i ANSWERi i RodriguesiFruitiBat:iBirthing

Unrelatedifemalei'helper'iassistedifemalei withidifficultibirth

,Demonstratedibirthiposturei(feetidown);igroomeditheimotheri
duringibirth;ilickitheinewborn;iandiassistediwithipositionitheipu
piforinursing

Assistanceimayibeirelateditoibondsibuiltithroughiroostingiproximi
ty

Knowitheicaseistudyioficooperationiiniprimates.iWhatiareitheih
ealthiandisocialibenefitsiofisocialigrooming?i- ANSWER

Commonicooperativeibehavioriobservediiniprimatesi(alsoicall
ediallogrooming)

Healthibenefitiofitheiremovaliofiparasites

Socialibenefitsiofitensionireductioni(hormoneilevelsiareiaffec
tedisuchithatiaggressioniisireduced).

Socialibenefitsiofiresourcesibeingiexchangediforifoodi(thisim
eansiassistanceiwithianiaggressor/predator)

Mayirepresentianiexchangeibasedisystemioficooperation

Whatiareithei4ipathsi(canialsoibeithoughtiofiasi'behavioralifor
msioficooperation')itoicooperation?
iOneiwasidiscussediiniLecturei12iandioneiwasinotidiscussedii

niclassi(consideredicontroversial).i-iANSWER
KiniSelection-
ifavorsibehaviorsithatiincreaseitheireproductiveisuccess iofi

thoseiindividuals'icloseigeneticikin

ReciprocityiByprod

uctiMutualism

Groupiselectioni(notidiscussediiniclass)

Whatiisireciprocityiorireciprocalialtruism?i- ANSWER

Reciprocalialtruism:iexchangingiactsioficooperativeiand

altruisticibehavior

Whyiwouldinaturaliselectionifavorithisitypeiofibehavior?

, •Theicostiofioneiindividualihelpingianotheriisioffsetibyithe

recipienti reciprocatingi byi helpingi thei helperi ini thei future.

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Uploaded on: October 9, 2025
Number of pages: 93
Written in: 2025/2026
Type: Exam (elaborations)
Contains: Questions & answers

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