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,Chapter 1: Cell Adaptation, Injury and Death
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Ischemia and other toxic injuries increase the accumulation of intracellular calcium as a result of:
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1.
A) release of stored calcium from the mitochondria.
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B) improved intracellular volume regulation. b b b




C) decreased influx across the cell membrane. b b b b b




D) attraction of calcium to fatty infiltrates. b b b b b




The patient is found to have liver disease, resulting in the removal of a lobe of his liver.
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2. Adaptation to the reduced size of the liver leads to
b b oftheremaininglivercells.
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A) metaplasia
B) organ atrophy b




C) compensatory hyperplasia b




b b D) physiologic hypertrophy b




A person eating peanuts starts choking and collapses. His airway obstruction is partially
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cleared, but he remains hypoxic until hereaches the hospital. Theprolonged cell hypoxia
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3. caused a cerebral infarction and resulting
b b b in the brain. b b b b b b




A) caspase activation b




B) coagulation necrosis b




C) rapid phagocytosis b




D) protein p53 deficiency b b




Bacteria and viruses cause cell damage by
b b b b b b b , which is unique fromtheintracellular
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4. damage caused by other injurious agents.
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A) disrupting the sodium/potassium ATPase pump b b b b




B) interrupting oxidative metabolism processes b b b




b b C) replicating and producing continued injury b b b b




D) decreasing protein synthesis and function b b b b




The patient has a prolonged interruption in arterial blood flow to his left kidney, causing hypoxic cell
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5. injury and the release of free radicals. Free radicals damage cells by:
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A) destroying phospholipids in the cell membrane. b b b b b




B) altering the immune response of the cell. b b b b b b




C) disrupting calcium storage in the cell. b b b b b




D) inactivation of enzymes and mitochondria. b b b b




6. Injured cells have impaired flow of substances through the cell membrane as a result of:
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A) increased fat load. b b

, B) altered permeability. b




C) altered glucose utilization. b b




D) increased surface receptors. b b




7. Reversible adaptive intracellular responses are initiated by:
b b b b b b




A) stimulus overload. b




B) genetic mutations. b




C) chemical messengers. b




D) mitochondrial DNA. b




8. Injured cells become very swollen as a result of:
b b b b b b b b




A) increased cell protein synthesis. b b b




B) altered cell volume regulation. b b b




C) passive entry of potassium into the cell. b b b b b b




D) bleb formation in the plasma membrane.
b b b b b




Adiabetic patient has impaired sensation, circulation, and oxygenation of his feet. He steps on a
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piece of glass, the wound does not heal, and the area tissue becomes necrotic. The necrotic cell
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9. death is characterized by:
b b b b




A) rapid apoptosis. b




B) cellular rupture. b




C) shrinkage and collapse. b b




D) chronic inflammation. b




A 99-year-old woman has experienced the decline of cell function associated with age. A group of
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10. theories of cellular aging focus on programmed:
b b b b b b b




A) changes with genetic influences. b b b




B) elimination of cell receptor sites. b b b b




C) insufficient telomerase enzyme. b b




b b D) DNA mutation or faulty repair. b b b b




An 89-year-old female patient has experienced significant decreases in her mobility and stamina
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during a 3-week hospital stay for the treatment of a femoral head fracture. Which of
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the following phenomena most likely accounts for the patients decrease in muscle function that
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11. underlies her reduced mobility?
b b b b




A) Impaired muscle cell metabolism resulting from metaplasia b b b b b b




B) Dysplasia as a consequence of inflammation during bone remodeling b b b b b b b b




C) Disuse atrophy of muscle cells during a prolonged period of immobility
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D) Ischemic atrophy resulting from vascular changes while on bedrest b b b b b b b b

, A 20-year-old college student has presented to her campus medical clinic for a scheduled
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Papanicolaou (Pap) smear. The clinician who will interpret the smear will examine cell samples
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12. for evidence of:
b b b




A) changes in cell shape, size, and organization. b b b b b b




B) the presence of unexpected cell types.
b b b b b




b b C) ischemic changes in cell samples. b b b b




D) abnormally high numbers of cells in a specified field. b b b b b b b b




Which of the following pathophysiologic processes is most likely to result in metastatic
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b b 13. calcification?
b




A) Benign prostatic hyperplasia b b




B) Liver cirrhosis b




C) Impaired glycogen metabolism b b




D) Hyperparathyroidism
Despite the low levels of radiation used in contemporary radiologic imaging, a radiology
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technician is aware ofthe need to minimize her exposure to ionizing radiation. What is the primary
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14. rationale for the technicians precautions?
b b b b b




A) Radiation stimulates pathologic cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia. b b b b b b




B) Radiation results in the accumulation of endogenous waste products in the cytoplasm.
b b b b b b b b b b b




C) Radiation interferes with DNA synthesis and mitosis. b b b b b b




D) Radiation decreases the action potential of rapidly dividing cells. b b b b b b b b




The parents of a 4-year-old girl have sought care because their daughter has admitted to chewing
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and swallowing imported toy figurines that have been determined to be made of lead. Which of the
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15. following blood tests should the care team prioritize?
b b b b b b b b




b b A) White blood cell levels with differential b b b b b




B) Red blood cell levels and morphology
b b b b b




C) Urea and creatinine levels
b b b




D) Liver function panel b b




A 70-year-old male patient has been admitted to a hospital for the treatment of a recent
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hemorrhagic stroke that has left him with numerous motor and sensory deficits. These deficits are
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16. most likely the result of which of the following mechanisms of cell injury?
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A) Free radical injury b b




B) Hypoxia and ATP depletion b b b




C) Interference with DNA synthesis b b b




D) Impaired calcium homeostasis b b