Fundamentals of
Chemotherapy
Immunotherapy
Administration
1.How often is chemo competency reassessed>
Annual continuing ed and competency assessment is recommended
2. What is the dose verification process?
-confirm plan with patient
-two practitioners verify: drug name, dose, volume, rate, route, expiration date,
appearance
-document verification in chart
3. What PPE is required for IV Chemotherapy?
-Gloves: two pairs, HD tested
-Gown: disposable, back closed, long sleeved
-Respirator: NIOSH approved
-Eye & Face: face shield/mask
,4. Neoadjuvant therapy (tumor burden)
Chemo BEFORE primary treatment (common in breast and colon)
5. Adjuvant therapy
Chemo AFTER primary treatment (common in solid tumor)
6. Bone Marrow
soft, sponge-like tissue in center of most bones, produce WBC, RBC, and platelets.
7. Myelosuppression
bone marrow activity is decreased, causing less RBC, WBC and Platelets.
8. Myeloablation
severe myelosuppression
9. Induction phase
initial phase, typically in hospital, intended myelosuppression
10. Consolidation phase (intensification/postremission therapy)
after successful induction, kills cancer cells left in body (ex radiation, stem cell
transplant)
11. Synergy
when one chemo drug helps another work better at the same time
12. Complete response
no identifiable cancer present for at least one month or longer
, 13. Partial response
Measurable tumor reduced by 50% for at least one month with no new tumors
14. Stable disease
Tumor size reduced by less than 50% or less than 25% increase in growth
15. Progressive disease
tumor growth more than 25% or new cancer
16. What are the phases of the cell cycle?
-G1 phase
-S phase
-G2 phase
-M phase
17. What happens in G1 phase?
The cell increases in size and prepares to replicate its DNA.
18. What do chemo drugs do to target S phase?
Prevent cell from making DNA and/or RNA (replicating)
(ex: antifolates (methotrexate), antipyrimidines (5-fu), antipurines (hydroxyurea))
19. What do chemo drugs do to target G2 phase?
Cells prepare to divide, chemo drugs stop development of elements needed for cell
division
(ex: topoisomerase I and II inhibitors, bleomycin)
Chemotherapy
Immunotherapy
Administration
1.How often is chemo competency reassessed>
Annual continuing ed and competency assessment is recommended
2. What is the dose verification process?
-confirm plan with patient
-two practitioners verify: drug name, dose, volume, rate, route, expiration date,
appearance
-document verification in chart
3. What PPE is required for IV Chemotherapy?
-Gloves: two pairs, HD tested
-Gown: disposable, back closed, long sleeved
-Respirator: NIOSH approved
-Eye & Face: face shield/mask
,4. Neoadjuvant therapy (tumor burden)
Chemo BEFORE primary treatment (common in breast and colon)
5. Adjuvant therapy
Chemo AFTER primary treatment (common in solid tumor)
6. Bone Marrow
soft, sponge-like tissue in center of most bones, produce WBC, RBC, and platelets.
7. Myelosuppression
bone marrow activity is decreased, causing less RBC, WBC and Platelets.
8. Myeloablation
severe myelosuppression
9. Induction phase
initial phase, typically in hospital, intended myelosuppression
10. Consolidation phase (intensification/postremission therapy)
after successful induction, kills cancer cells left in body (ex radiation, stem cell
transplant)
11. Synergy
when one chemo drug helps another work better at the same time
12. Complete response
no identifiable cancer present for at least one month or longer
, 13. Partial response
Measurable tumor reduced by 50% for at least one month with no new tumors
14. Stable disease
Tumor size reduced by less than 50% or less than 25% increase in growth
15. Progressive disease
tumor growth more than 25% or new cancer
16. What are the phases of the cell cycle?
-G1 phase
-S phase
-G2 phase
-M phase
17. What happens in G1 phase?
The cell increases in size and prepares to replicate its DNA.
18. What do chemo drugs do to target S phase?
Prevent cell from making DNA and/or RNA (replicating)
(ex: antifolates (methotrexate), antipyrimidines (5-fu), antipurines (hydroxyurea))
19. What do chemo drugs do to target G2 phase?
Cells prepare to divide, chemo drugs stop development of elements needed for cell
division
(ex: topoisomerase I and II inhibitors, bleomycin)
