PHARMACOLOGY FINAL EXAM WITH
100% CORRECT ANSWERS 2025
The nurse is assessing a patient who has been prescribed
hydrochlorothiazide. Which information would the nurse give the
patient about the medication regimen?
-"Take iron supplements every day."
-"Take the dose only in the morning."
-"You should limit your intake of oats."
-"You should not eat melons or grapes." correct answers >>
-"Take the dose only in the morning."
Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic that is used in the
treatment of various types of edema. They are to be taken in the
morning as they can cause urination at night (nocturia) and
subsequent loss of sleep when taken late in the afternoon or at
night. That is why the patient should be instructed to take only in
the morning to avoid side effects of the drug.
Which side effects would the nurse ask the patient to be watchful
of when administering mixed alpha/beta agonists? Select all that
apply.
-Anorexia
-Drowsiness
-Hypoglycemia
-Vascular headache
-Cardiac stimulation correct answers >> -Anorexia
-Vascular headache
,-Cardiac stimulations
Mixed alpha/beta agonists produce the most adverse effects
because they are nonselective in action. Anorexia, vascular
headache, and cardiac stimulation are side effects of mixed
alpha/beta agonists.
A patient with gout asks the nurse about the mechanism of action
of antigout drugs. Which statement would the nurse make to the
patient?
-"They increase the red blood cells."
-"They decrease the fatty acid level."
-"They decrease the blood oxygen level."
-"They decrease the serum uric acid level." correct answers
>> -"They decrease the serum uric acid level."
In gout, a patient's uric acid level increases, and crystal formation
takes place in the joints. Antigout drugs decrease serum uric acid
levels and prevent the formation of crystals in the joints.
Which instruction would the nurse give to a patient who is
prescribed dextromethorphan for treatment of a cough?
-"Use a humidifier while sleeping."
-"Elevate your bed while sleeping."
-"Increase your fluid intake to 3000 mL per day."
-"Restrict activities that require mental alertness." correct
answers >> -"Restrict activities that require mental alertness."
,Dextromethorphan is a nonopioid antitussive drug that may also
cause sedation, drowsiness, or dizziness. The nurse would advise
the patient to avoid activities that require mental alertness to
help prevent injury to the patient.
A patient receiving warfarin has an international normalized ratio
(INR) of 6. Which action would the nurse take?
-Stop the intravenous (IV) drip.
-Wait for the INR to decrease.
-Administer protamine sulfate IV.
-Administer vitamin K1 (phytonadione) IV. correct answers >>
-Administer vitamin K1 (phytonadione) IV.
The nurse would administer vitamin K1 (phytonadione) to the
patient who is taking warfarin and has an extremely elevated INR.
This medication will block the vitamin K-dependent clotting
factors. Increasing vitamin K can hasten the return to normal
coagulation. Warfarin is given orally, not IV. An elevated INR can
lead to excessive bleeding resulting in hypovolemia and
decreased perfusion, which can be life threatening.
Which anticholingeric drug is commonly used to prevent motion
sickness?
-Droperidol
-Scopolamine
-Prochlorperazine
-Metaclopramide correct answers >> -Scopolamine
Scopolamine blocks the binding of acetylcholine with cholingeric
receptors in the inner ear, an imbalance of which is a common
cause of motion sickness.
, Droperidol and prochlorperazine are antidopaminergics.
Metoclopramide is a prokinetic drug.
A nurse is providing care to a patient who is at risk for deep vein
thrombosis (DVT). The health care provider prescribes aspirin
therapy. Which statement from the patient supports this
prescription?
-"I've been on prolonged bed rest."
-"I avoid tight-fitting stockings or leggings."
-"I never sit with my legs crossed at the knees."
-"I get up and walk around at least once an hour." correct
answers >> -"I've been on prolonged bed rest."
A patient who is on prolonged bed rest would benefit from aspirin
to prevent the formation of deep vein thrombosis (DVT).
After administering bethanechol to a patient after surgery, which
system would the nurse assess to determine a therapeutic effect?
-Urinary
-Neurologic
-Musculoskeletal
-Gastrointestinal correct answers >> -Gastrointestinal
Bethanechol increases the tone of the detrusor muscle and
causes the patient to void. It is used to initiate voiding.
100% CORRECT ANSWERS 2025
The nurse is assessing a patient who has been prescribed
hydrochlorothiazide. Which information would the nurse give the
patient about the medication regimen?
-"Take iron supplements every day."
-"Take the dose only in the morning."
-"You should limit your intake of oats."
-"You should not eat melons or grapes." correct answers >>
-"Take the dose only in the morning."
Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic that is used in the
treatment of various types of edema. They are to be taken in the
morning as they can cause urination at night (nocturia) and
subsequent loss of sleep when taken late in the afternoon or at
night. That is why the patient should be instructed to take only in
the morning to avoid side effects of the drug.
Which side effects would the nurse ask the patient to be watchful
of when administering mixed alpha/beta agonists? Select all that
apply.
-Anorexia
-Drowsiness
-Hypoglycemia
-Vascular headache
-Cardiac stimulation correct answers >> -Anorexia
-Vascular headache
,-Cardiac stimulations
Mixed alpha/beta agonists produce the most adverse effects
because they are nonselective in action. Anorexia, vascular
headache, and cardiac stimulation are side effects of mixed
alpha/beta agonists.
A patient with gout asks the nurse about the mechanism of action
of antigout drugs. Which statement would the nurse make to the
patient?
-"They increase the red blood cells."
-"They decrease the fatty acid level."
-"They decrease the blood oxygen level."
-"They decrease the serum uric acid level." correct answers
>> -"They decrease the serum uric acid level."
In gout, a patient's uric acid level increases, and crystal formation
takes place in the joints. Antigout drugs decrease serum uric acid
levels and prevent the formation of crystals in the joints.
Which instruction would the nurse give to a patient who is
prescribed dextromethorphan for treatment of a cough?
-"Use a humidifier while sleeping."
-"Elevate your bed while sleeping."
-"Increase your fluid intake to 3000 mL per day."
-"Restrict activities that require mental alertness." correct
answers >> -"Restrict activities that require mental alertness."
,Dextromethorphan is a nonopioid antitussive drug that may also
cause sedation, drowsiness, or dizziness. The nurse would advise
the patient to avoid activities that require mental alertness to
help prevent injury to the patient.
A patient receiving warfarin has an international normalized ratio
(INR) of 6. Which action would the nurse take?
-Stop the intravenous (IV) drip.
-Wait for the INR to decrease.
-Administer protamine sulfate IV.
-Administer vitamin K1 (phytonadione) IV. correct answers >>
-Administer vitamin K1 (phytonadione) IV.
The nurse would administer vitamin K1 (phytonadione) to the
patient who is taking warfarin and has an extremely elevated INR.
This medication will block the vitamin K-dependent clotting
factors. Increasing vitamin K can hasten the return to normal
coagulation. Warfarin is given orally, not IV. An elevated INR can
lead to excessive bleeding resulting in hypovolemia and
decreased perfusion, which can be life threatening.
Which anticholingeric drug is commonly used to prevent motion
sickness?
-Droperidol
-Scopolamine
-Prochlorperazine
-Metaclopramide correct answers >> -Scopolamine
Scopolamine blocks the binding of acetylcholine with cholingeric
receptors in the inner ear, an imbalance of which is a common
cause of motion sickness.
, Droperidol and prochlorperazine are antidopaminergics.
Metoclopramide is a prokinetic drug.
A nurse is providing care to a patient who is at risk for deep vein
thrombosis (DVT). The health care provider prescribes aspirin
therapy. Which statement from the patient supports this
prescription?
-"I've been on prolonged bed rest."
-"I avoid tight-fitting stockings or leggings."
-"I never sit with my legs crossed at the knees."
-"I get up and walk around at least once an hour." correct
answers >> -"I've been on prolonged bed rest."
A patient who is on prolonged bed rest would benefit from aspirin
to prevent the formation of deep vein thrombosis (DVT).
After administering bethanechol to a patient after surgery, which
system would the nurse assess to determine a therapeutic effect?
-Urinary
-Neurologic
-Musculoskeletal
-Gastrointestinal correct answers >> -Gastrointestinal
Bethanechol increases the tone of the detrusor muscle and
causes the patient to void. It is used to initiate voiding.
