HACC NURS 150 Test 1 Questions with Correct Answers Latest Update 2025-2026
Peyer's patches - Answers large collections of lymphoid tissue found in the submucosa of the
small intestine and are round and oval in shape
NOrmal amount of peyers patches in individuals - Answers 30-40
peyers patches in younger adults are... - Answers more numerous
peyers patches in older individuals are... - Answers less prominent and the amount decreases
with age
what is the function of peyers patches? - Answers -full function not known
-play a role in immunologic response
-contain B and T cells (similar to lymph nodes)
The immune system is activated by - Answers external agents
1. micro organisms
2. minor injuries
3. major injuries
immune system - Answers protects the body against foreign invaders and identifies potential
and harmful cells and removes debris
Foreign invaders include - Answers 1. bacteria
2. viruses
3. cancer cells
4. fungi
5. transplanted organ and tissues
6. toxins
8. pollution
9. parasites
antigens - Answers foreign substances that trigger the attack of antibodies in the immune
response.
types of antigens - Answers 1. contained on or within bacteria (viruses, microorganisms, cancer
,cells)
2. exist on their own (food particles and pollen)
3. non-living substances (toxins, chemicals, drugs, foreign particles)
3 steps in an immune response - Answers 1. recognizing a potentially harmful foreign antigen
2. activating forces
3. mobilizing forces to defend against it and attack it
how to protect Rh compatibility? - Answers treat by giving mother dose of Rogam at 28 weeks
gestation
how does Rogam work? - Answers provides the mother with small amounts of antibodies to
fool the immune system into thinking it already produced antibodies so it doesn't produce
further antibodies and it clears the fetal RBC from the mothers blood.
effective immune response - Answers immunocompetent
ineffective immune reponse - Answers immunocompromised/immunodeficient,
hypersensitivity/overreact (HIV, psoriasis, Cancer)
autoimmune disorder - Answers body attacking its own cells (RA, MS, Lupus, Thyroiditis)
Stages of immune response - Answers 1. recognition
2. proliferation
3. response
4. effector
recognition stage of immune response - Answers identification of antigens as foreign or nonself
proliferation stage of immune response - Answers Lymphocytes stimulate some of the dormant
T and B lymphocytes to enlarge, divide, and proliferate
Response stage of immune response - Answers The differentiated lymphocytes function in
either a humoral or a cellular capacity
humoral - Answers antibodies are released into blood stream and reside in the plasma (B cells)
Cellular - Answers T cells come into activation
effector stage of immune response - Answers the antibody of the humoral response or the
cytotoxic (killer) T cell of the cellular response connects with the antigen on the surface of the
pathogen and destroys or neutralizes
, 3 types of immunity - Answers Innate, active, passive
innate-nonspecific immunity - Answers defense system you are born with and protects you from
all antigens
-ex. cough reflex, enzymes and tears, skin oils, mucous, intact skin, stomach acid (1-3 pH
normallY)
acquired immunity - Answers Develops from exposure to various antigens. Immunes system
builds a specific response to that antigen. Long lasting but takes several weeks to develop.
-ex. have the disease or immunizations
passive immunity - Answers immunity produced in a body other than out own. disappears in 6-
12 months and is NOT lifelong
-ex. from mom to newborn
Lymphocytes - Answers WBCs in the immune system
B lymphocytes - Answers become cells that produce antibodies, antibodies attach to a specific
antigen and the immune cell destroys antigen
(SWAT team of lymphocytes)
T lymphocytes - Answers attack antigens directly and help to control the immune response (all
antigens)
Release chemicals called cytokines to control the entire immune system
B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes together do... - Answers 1. multiply and provide memory for
the immune system
2. allows immune system to respond faster and more efficiently the next time the body is
exposed to the same antigen
3. Prevents from regetting sick from same illness
when should you get the recombinent/shingles vaccine? - Answers at age 50 in 2 doses 2-6
months apart
immune competence testing - Answers Encompasses a variety of blood and skin tests
allergy testing includes - Answers 1. skin tests (prick, scratch, intradermal)
2. radioallergosorbent testing (RAST)
3. provocative testing
Peyer's patches - Answers large collections of lymphoid tissue found in the submucosa of the
small intestine and are round and oval in shape
NOrmal amount of peyers patches in individuals - Answers 30-40
peyers patches in younger adults are... - Answers more numerous
peyers patches in older individuals are... - Answers less prominent and the amount decreases
with age
what is the function of peyers patches? - Answers -full function not known
-play a role in immunologic response
-contain B and T cells (similar to lymph nodes)
The immune system is activated by - Answers external agents
1. micro organisms
2. minor injuries
3. major injuries
immune system - Answers protects the body against foreign invaders and identifies potential
and harmful cells and removes debris
Foreign invaders include - Answers 1. bacteria
2. viruses
3. cancer cells
4. fungi
5. transplanted organ and tissues
6. toxins
8. pollution
9. parasites
antigens - Answers foreign substances that trigger the attack of antibodies in the immune
response.
types of antigens - Answers 1. contained on or within bacteria (viruses, microorganisms, cancer
,cells)
2. exist on their own (food particles and pollen)
3. non-living substances (toxins, chemicals, drugs, foreign particles)
3 steps in an immune response - Answers 1. recognizing a potentially harmful foreign antigen
2. activating forces
3. mobilizing forces to defend against it and attack it
how to protect Rh compatibility? - Answers treat by giving mother dose of Rogam at 28 weeks
gestation
how does Rogam work? - Answers provides the mother with small amounts of antibodies to
fool the immune system into thinking it already produced antibodies so it doesn't produce
further antibodies and it clears the fetal RBC from the mothers blood.
effective immune response - Answers immunocompetent
ineffective immune reponse - Answers immunocompromised/immunodeficient,
hypersensitivity/overreact (HIV, psoriasis, Cancer)
autoimmune disorder - Answers body attacking its own cells (RA, MS, Lupus, Thyroiditis)
Stages of immune response - Answers 1. recognition
2. proliferation
3. response
4. effector
recognition stage of immune response - Answers identification of antigens as foreign or nonself
proliferation stage of immune response - Answers Lymphocytes stimulate some of the dormant
T and B lymphocytes to enlarge, divide, and proliferate
Response stage of immune response - Answers The differentiated lymphocytes function in
either a humoral or a cellular capacity
humoral - Answers antibodies are released into blood stream and reside in the plasma (B cells)
Cellular - Answers T cells come into activation
effector stage of immune response - Answers the antibody of the humoral response or the
cytotoxic (killer) T cell of the cellular response connects with the antigen on the surface of the
pathogen and destroys or neutralizes
, 3 types of immunity - Answers Innate, active, passive
innate-nonspecific immunity - Answers defense system you are born with and protects you from
all antigens
-ex. cough reflex, enzymes and tears, skin oils, mucous, intact skin, stomach acid (1-3 pH
normallY)
acquired immunity - Answers Develops from exposure to various antigens. Immunes system
builds a specific response to that antigen. Long lasting but takes several weeks to develop.
-ex. have the disease or immunizations
passive immunity - Answers immunity produced in a body other than out own. disappears in 6-
12 months and is NOT lifelong
-ex. from mom to newborn
Lymphocytes - Answers WBCs in the immune system
B lymphocytes - Answers become cells that produce antibodies, antibodies attach to a specific
antigen and the immune cell destroys antigen
(SWAT team of lymphocytes)
T lymphocytes - Answers attack antigens directly and help to control the immune response (all
antigens)
Release chemicals called cytokines to control the entire immune system
B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes together do... - Answers 1. multiply and provide memory for
the immune system
2. allows immune system to respond faster and more efficiently the next time the body is
exposed to the same antigen
3. Prevents from regetting sick from same illness
when should you get the recombinent/shingles vaccine? - Answers at age 50 in 2 doses 2-6
months apart
immune competence testing - Answers Encompasses a variety of blood and skin tests
allergy testing includes - Answers 1. skin tests (prick, scratch, intradermal)
2. radioallergosorbent testing (RAST)
3. provocative testing
