NUR 215 Pathophysiology Test 4
85Questions And Verified Answers With
Rationales|GET IT 100% CORRECT
|ALREADY GRADED A+
CHRONIC RENAL FAILUR
overview - CORRECT ANSWERS -progressive & irreversible
-can progress to end stage renal disease (ESRD), AKA *uremia*
CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE
etiology - CORRECT ANSWERS DM & HTN
CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE
pathophysiology - CORRECT ANSWERS -numerous nephrons damaged
-kidneys unable to excrete waste products or control volume status
(other) as ESRD occurs:
-encephalopathy (confusion, stupor, coma)
-platelets & RBCs lyse (anemia & thrombocytopenia)
-weakness, dyspnea
-electrolyte/mineral imbalances (K/Ca/Vit D)
,CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE
stages - CORRECT ANSWERS I: norm GFR/albuminuria
II: mod dec GFR/albuminuria
III: mod-severe dec GFR/albuminuria
IV: severe dec GFR/albuminuria
V. kidney failure/albuminuria/dialysis treatment
ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY
overview - CORRECT ANSWERS -abrupt insult to kidney
-rapid decline in glomerular/renal filtration
-accumulation of nitrogenous waste body
ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY
etiology - CORRECT ANSWERS 1) PRERENAL
-sudden & severe drop in BP (shock) or interruption of blood flow to kidneys from severe injury or illness
2) INTRARENAL
,-direct damage to kidneys by inflammation, toxins, drugs, infection, or reduced blood supply
3) POSTRENAL
-sudden obstruction of urine flow due to enlarged prostate, kidney stones, bladder tumor, or injury
ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY
pathophysiology - CORRECT ANSWERS -dec GFR of blood → azotemia (high BUN), high serum
creatinine, & fluid retention
ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY
phases - CORRECT ANSWERS INITIAL INSULT- condition that disrupts kidney function
OLIGURIA- low GFR, lack of urine output, fluid overload
DIURESIS- large unconcentrated urine outflow
RECOVERY- healthy nephrons take over function of damaged nephrons; kidney function resumes
NEPHROTIC SYNDROME
etiology - CORRECT ANSWERS -glomerulonephritis
-DM (nephropathy)
-autoimmune
, damage to glomeruli due to: DM, amyloidosis, & systemic lupus erythematosis
NEPHROTIC SYNDROME
pathophysiology - CORRECT ANSWERS -endothelial cell & basement membrane damage
→ loss of protein (albumin)
→ edema (dec oncotic pressure)
GFR dec & kidneys fail/stop functioning
NEPHROTIC SYNDROME
clinical presentation - CORRECT ANSWERS -albuminuria
-low blood albumin level
-edema
-inc BUN & creatinine
RENAL CALCULI
overview - CORRECT ANSWERS nephrolithiasis: formation of stones/calculi in kidney
-can lead to obstruction
-risk: hypercalcemia, hyperparathyroidism, gout (also: hyperoxaluria, hyperuricemia)
85Questions And Verified Answers With
Rationales|GET IT 100% CORRECT
|ALREADY GRADED A+
CHRONIC RENAL FAILUR
overview - CORRECT ANSWERS -progressive & irreversible
-can progress to end stage renal disease (ESRD), AKA *uremia*
CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE
etiology - CORRECT ANSWERS DM & HTN
CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE
pathophysiology - CORRECT ANSWERS -numerous nephrons damaged
-kidneys unable to excrete waste products or control volume status
(other) as ESRD occurs:
-encephalopathy (confusion, stupor, coma)
-platelets & RBCs lyse (anemia & thrombocytopenia)
-weakness, dyspnea
-electrolyte/mineral imbalances (K/Ca/Vit D)
,CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE
stages - CORRECT ANSWERS I: norm GFR/albuminuria
II: mod dec GFR/albuminuria
III: mod-severe dec GFR/albuminuria
IV: severe dec GFR/albuminuria
V. kidney failure/albuminuria/dialysis treatment
ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY
overview - CORRECT ANSWERS -abrupt insult to kidney
-rapid decline in glomerular/renal filtration
-accumulation of nitrogenous waste body
ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY
etiology - CORRECT ANSWERS 1) PRERENAL
-sudden & severe drop in BP (shock) or interruption of blood flow to kidneys from severe injury or illness
2) INTRARENAL
,-direct damage to kidneys by inflammation, toxins, drugs, infection, or reduced blood supply
3) POSTRENAL
-sudden obstruction of urine flow due to enlarged prostate, kidney stones, bladder tumor, or injury
ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY
pathophysiology - CORRECT ANSWERS -dec GFR of blood → azotemia (high BUN), high serum
creatinine, & fluid retention
ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY
phases - CORRECT ANSWERS INITIAL INSULT- condition that disrupts kidney function
OLIGURIA- low GFR, lack of urine output, fluid overload
DIURESIS- large unconcentrated urine outflow
RECOVERY- healthy nephrons take over function of damaged nephrons; kidney function resumes
NEPHROTIC SYNDROME
etiology - CORRECT ANSWERS -glomerulonephritis
-DM (nephropathy)
-autoimmune
, damage to glomeruli due to: DM, amyloidosis, & systemic lupus erythematosis
NEPHROTIC SYNDROME
pathophysiology - CORRECT ANSWERS -endothelial cell & basement membrane damage
→ loss of protein (albumin)
→ edema (dec oncotic pressure)
GFR dec & kidneys fail/stop functioning
NEPHROTIC SYNDROME
clinical presentation - CORRECT ANSWERS -albuminuria
-low blood albumin level
-edema
-inc BUN & creatinine
RENAL CALCULI
overview - CORRECT ANSWERS nephrolithiasis: formation of stones/calculi in kidney
-can lead to obstruction
-risk: hypercalcemia, hyperparathyroidism, gout (also: hyperoxaluria, hyperuricemia)
