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SOLUTIONS
, Contents
Preface ............................................................................................................................. iv
1. Vectors, Tensors, and Equations of Elasticity............................................... 1
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2. Energy Principles and Variational Methods ............................................. 19
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3. Classical Theory of Plates ................................................................................51
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4. Analysis of Plate Strips ................................................................................... 59
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5. Analysis of Circular Plates ............................................................................. 75
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6. Bending of Simply Supported Rectangular Plates ................................ 91
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7. Bending of Rectangular Plates with Various
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Boundary Conditions ......................................................................................... 99
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8. General Buckling of Rectangular Plates ................................................... 115
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9. Dynamic Analysis of Rectangular Plates ................................................ 123
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10. Shear Deformation Plate Theories ............................................................ 129
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11. Theory and Analysis of Shells ..................................................................... 139
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12. Finite Element Analysis of Plates .............................................................. 157
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, 1
Vectors, Tensors, and d d
d Equations of Elasticity d d
1.1 Prove the following properties of δij and εijk (assume i,j = 1,2,3 when they are
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
dummy indices):
d d
(a) Fijδjk = Fik d d
(b) δijδij = δii = 3 d d d d d
(c) εijkεijk = 6 d d d
(d) εijkFij = 0 whenever Fij = Fji (symmetric) d d d d d d d
Solution:
1.1(a) Expanding the expression
d d d
Fijδjk =Fi1δ1k + Fi2δ2k +Fi3δ3k
d d
d
d
d
d
d
Of the three terms on the right hand side, only one is nonzero. It is equal to Fi1 if
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
k = 1, Fi2 if k = 2, or Fi3 if k = 3. Thus, it is simply equal to Fik.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
1.1(b) By actual expansion, we have
d d d d d
δijδij = δi1δi1 + δi2δi2 + δi3δi3
d d
d
d
d
d
d
= (δ11δ11 + 0 + 0) + (0 + δ22δ22 + 0) + (0 + 0 + δ33δ33)
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
=3 d d
and
δii = δ11 + δ22 + δ33 = 1+ 1+ 1 = 3
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Alternatively, using Fij = δij in Problem 1.1a, we have δijδjk = δik, where i and k are
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free indices that can any value. In particular, for i = k, we have the required result.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
1.1(c) Using the ε-δ identity and the result of Problem 1.1(b), we obtain
d d d d d d d d d d d d
εijkεijk = δiiδjj − δijδij = 9 − 3 = 6 d
d d d d d d d d d d d
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, 2 Theory and Analysis of Elastic Plates and Shells d d d d d d d
1.1(d) We have d d
Fijεijk = −Fijεjik (interchanged i and j)
d d d d d d
=−Fjiεijk (renamed i as j and j as i) d d d d d d d d d
Since Fji = Fij, we have
d d d d d
0 = (Fij + Fji)εijk
d d d d d
= 2Fijεijk d
d
The converse also holds, i.e., if Fijεijk = 0, then Fij = Fji. We have 0 =
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
d
Fijεijk d
d
1
= (Fijεijk +Fijεijk)
2
d d
d d d
d
1
= (Fijεijk − Fijεjik) (interchanged i and j)
2
d d d d d d d d
1
d
= (Fijεijk − Fjiεijk) (renamed i as j and j as i)
2
d d d d d d d d d d d
1
d
= (Fij − Fji)εijk
2
d d d d
d
from which it follows that Fji = Fij.
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♠ New Problem 1.1: Show that
d d d d d
∂r xi
= d
∂xi r
Solution: Write the position vector in cartesian component form using the index
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notation
d
r = x j ê j (1) d d
Then the square of the magnitude of the position vector is
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r2 = r ·r = (x i ê i ) ·(xj ê j ) = xixjδij
d d d d d d d d d d
= xixi = xkxk
d d d (2)
Its derivative of r with respect to xi can be obtained from
d d d d d d d d d d d
∂r2 = ∂
(xkxk)
∂xi ∂x
∂xik ∂xk
= x +x d
d
d d d d
∂xi k k ∂x
i d d d
∂xk
=2 xk = 2δikxk = 2xi d d
d d d d
∂xi
Hence
∂r xi
= d (3)
∂xi r
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