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Pathophysiology Exam 1- ETSU
Nursing Questions and Answers with
100% Complete Solutions
Mutation - ANSWER Any inherited alteration of genetic
material.
DNA - ANSWER Deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating
material present in nearly all living organisms as the main
constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic
information.
What is DNA composed of? - ANSWER It is a double helix
model- The ladders are composed of deoxyribose and
phosphate while the rungs are 4 types of nitrogenous bases
(adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine)
Complementary base pairing - ANSWER In DNA, T pairs
with A; G pairs with C; This is the key to accurate replication
In RNA, U pairs with A and G pairs with C
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DNA and Coding - ANSWER DNA directs the synthesis or
production of all the body's proteins
Proteins - ANSWER Composed of one or more polypeptides
that consist of sequences of amino acids
Amino acids - ANSWER Building blocks of proteins; the
body contains 20 different types
Codons - ANSWER Every 3 nitrogenous bases is a codon that
codes for one amino acid
Chromosomes - ANSWER Contains genes which are
comprised of DNA and are the basic units of inheritance
Genes - ANSWER Composed of DNA sequences and are the
blueprints of proteins in the body genes influence all aspects
of body structure and function. Genes are found in
chromosomes.
DNA -> GENES -> CHROMOSOMES -> NUCLEUS -
ANSWER Genes are made of of DNA. Genes are the
functional regions of DNA. Together they make
chromosomes. Chromosomes are housed in a cell's nucleus.
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DNA polymerase - ANSWER Enzyme involved in DNA
replication that joins individual nucleotides to produce a DNA
molecule. Enhances the accuracy of DNA replication and
prevents mutations.
Mutagens - ANSWER Increase frequency of mutations.
Examples: radiation, chemicals, smoke, alcohol
Spontaneous mutation - ANSWER A mutation that occurs
without exposure to a mutagen
How many chromosomes can be found in each human cell? -
ANSWER 46 chromosomes, 23 pairs (23 from Mom & 23
from Dad) in Somatic Cells and 23 chromosomes in Gametes
How can human cells be categorized? - ANSWER Somatic
Cells & Gametes
Somatic Cells - ANSWER All cells of the body except
gametes (sex cells). Their nucleus contains 46 chromosomes,
23 pairs. They are considered diploid, Mother and Father
donate one chromosome per pair.
Pathophysiology Exam 1- ETSU
Nursing Questions and Answers with
100% Complete Solutions
Mutation - ANSWER Any inherited alteration of genetic
material.
DNA - ANSWER Deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating
material present in nearly all living organisms as the main
constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic
information.
What is DNA composed of? - ANSWER It is a double helix
model- The ladders are composed of deoxyribose and
phosphate while the rungs are 4 types of nitrogenous bases
(adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine)
Complementary base pairing - ANSWER In DNA, T pairs
with A; G pairs with C; This is the key to accurate replication
In RNA, U pairs with A and G pairs with C
,2 | Page
DNA and Coding - ANSWER DNA directs the synthesis or
production of all the body's proteins
Proteins - ANSWER Composed of one or more polypeptides
that consist of sequences of amino acids
Amino acids - ANSWER Building blocks of proteins; the
body contains 20 different types
Codons - ANSWER Every 3 nitrogenous bases is a codon that
codes for one amino acid
Chromosomes - ANSWER Contains genes which are
comprised of DNA and are the basic units of inheritance
Genes - ANSWER Composed of DNA sequences and are the
blueprints of proteins in the body genes influence all aspects
of body structure and function. Genes are found in
chromosomes.
DNA -> GENES -> CHROMOSOMES -> NUCLEUS -
ANSWER Genes are made of of DNA. Genes are the
functional regions of DNA. Together they make
chromosomes. Chromosomes are housed in a cell's nucleus.
, 3 | Page
DNA polymerase - ANSWER Enzyme involved in DNA
replication that joins individual nucleotides to produce a DNA
molecule. Enhances the accuracy of DNA replication and
prevents mutations.
Mutagens - ANSWER Increase frequency of mutations.
Examples: radiation, chemicals, smoke, alcohol
Spontaneous mutation - ANSWER A mutation that occurs
without exposure to a mutagen
How many chromosomes can be found in each human cell? -
ANSWER 46 chromosomes, 23 pairs (23 from Mom & 23
from Dad) in Somatic Cells and 23 chromosomes in Gametes
How can human cells be categorized? - ANSWER Somatic
Cells & Gametes
Somatic Cells - ANSWER All cells of the body except
gametes (sex cells). Their nucleus contains 46 chromosomes,
23 pairs. They are considered diploid, Mother and Father
donate one chromosome per pair.
