NFSC 100 -Exam 2 Questions with Correct Answers Latest Update 2025-2026
What is the structure of proteins and amino acids ? - Answers -backbone consisting of a single
carbon, Amine group links with the acidic end of next amino acid
-chemical side chain is attached to the center carbon of the backbone
-AA and proteins with electrically charged side chains are attracted to H2O
-Proteins have convoluted shapes
-Single amino acids with different side chains can bend to form a strand of amino acids
What is an essential Amino Acid?What are the nine essential amino acids? - Answers Cannot be
made by the body, must be consumed through food
-Phenylalalnine
-Valine
-Tryptophan
-Threonine
-Isoleucine
-Methionine
-Histidine
-Leucine
-Lysine
What are the functions of proteins in the body?How much protein does the average person need?
- Answers DRI for protein depends on body weight and stage of growth, reccommended .8g/ kg
of body weight
-proteins build new tissue, functional unit (enzymes, hormones, antibodies), physiology and
metabolism
What are marasmus and kwashiorkor? What causes each? What are the symptoms? - Answers -
Protein deficiencies
-Marasmus: chronic inadequate food intake, inadequate energy and mineral+protein intake,
person is lean and shriveled
-Kwashiorkor: swollen belly and skin rash, severe acute malnutrition too little protein to support
body functions
, Why might a vegetarian diet be healthier than that of a meat eater? Why might it be less health?
- Answers -vegetarian diet is linked with reduced incidence of chronic disease, less obesity,
defense against cancer, less heart disease, less high blood pressure, may help prevent disease,
diverticular disease
- vegetarian diets lack iron, zinc, calcium, omega 3 fatty acids, vitamin D and Vitamin B12
What are the problems associated with protein excess? - Answers obesity, health risks, animal
protein sources have lots of saturated fat, calcium is spilled from urine, higher incidence of hip
fractures, kidney problems
What is a vitamin? Fat soluble vs Water soluble - Answers -essential, organic, not energy-yielding,
micronutrients
-fat soluble: greater body storage, don't need to consume often, travel with protein carriers,
requires bile juice for absorbtion
-water soluble: travel in watery fluids, excreted in urine, less body storage-have to consume
more frequently
What vitamins can be synthesized in our bodies? - Answers Vitamin D is synthesized in the skin.
What are the causes of vitamin deficiency syndromes? (beriberi, pellagra, scurvy) - Answers -
BeriBeri: Thiamine deficiency-loss of sensation in hands and feet, muscular weakness,
abnormal heart action
-Pellagra: Niacin related disease in corn based diet-flaky skin rash, mental depression, fatigue,
memory loss
-scurvy: vitamin C (ascorbic acid)-bleeding gums, anemia, poor growth, infection
Why is vitamin A important for proper vision? - Answers 1. process light perception at the retina
2. maintenance of healthy cornea
-good eye health and vision
What is beta-carotene? Why is beta-carotene important in human health? - Answers Beta-
Carotene is the most abundant among carotenoids in plants, Vitamin A precursor,
-strong anti-oxidant, toxicity is rare
-human body converts beta carotene into vitamin A
what is the biological function of vitamin k? - Answers -blood clotting, bone proteins
what are free radicals and antioxidant? - Answers -molecule with unpaired electron that cause
damage to body structures
What is the structure of proteins and amino acids ? - Answers -backbone consisting of a single
carbon, Amine group links with the acidic end of next amino acid
-chemical side chain is attached to the center carbon of the backbone
-AA and proteins with electrically charged side chains are attracted to H2O
-Proteins have convoluted shapes
-Single amino acids with different side chains can bend to form a strand of amino acids
What is an essential Amino Acid?What are the nine essential amino acids? - Answers Cannot be
made by the body, must be consumed through food
-Phenylalalnine
-Valine
-Tryptophan
-Threonine
-Isoleucine
-Methionine
-Histidine
-Leucine
-Lysine
What are the functions of proteins in the body?How much protein does the average person need?
- Answers DRI for protein depends on body weight and stage of growth, reccommended .8g/ kg
of body weight
-proteins build new tissue, functional unit (enzymes, hormones, antibodies), physiology and
metabolism
What are marasmus and kwashiorkor? What causes each? What are the symptoms? - Answers -
Protein deficiencies
-Marasmus: chronic inadequate food intake, inadequate energy and mineral+protein intake,
person is lean and shriveled
-Kwashiorkor: swollen belly and skin rash, severe acute malnutrition too little protein to support
body functions
, Why might a vegetarian diet be healthier than that of a meat eater? Why might it be less health?
- Answers -vegetarian diet is linked with reduced incidence of chronic disease, less obesity,
defense against cancer, less heart disease, less high blood pressure, may help prevent disease,
diverticular disease
- vegetarian diets lack iron, zinc, calcium, omega 3 fatty acids, vitamin D and Vitamin B12
What are the problems associated with protein excess? - Answers obesity, health risks, animal
protein sources have lots of saturated fat, calcium is spilled from urine, higher incidence of hip
fractures, kidney problems
What is a vitamin? Fat soluble vs Water soluble - Answers -essential, organic, not energy-yielding,
micronutrients
-fat soluble: greater body storage, don't need to consume often, travel with protein carriers,
requires bile juice for absorbtion
-water soluble: travel in watery fluids, excreted in urine, less body storage-have to consume
more frequently
What vitamins can be synthesized in our bodies? - Answers Vitamin D is synthesized in the skin.
What are the causes of vitamin deficiency syndromes? (beriberi, pellagra, scurvy) - Answers -
BeriBeri: Thiamine deficiency-loss of sensation in hands and feet, muscular weakness,
abnormal heart action
-Pellagra: Niacin related disease in corn based diet-flaky skin rash, mental depression, fatigue,
memory loss
-scurvy: vitamin C (ascorbic acid)-bleeding gums, anemia, poor growth, infection
Why is vitamin A important for proper vision? - Answers 1. process light perception at the retina
2. maintenance of healthy cornea
-good eye health and vision
What is beta-carotene? Why is beta-carotene important in human health? - Answers Beta-
Carotene is the most abundant among carotenoids in plants, Vitamin A precursor,
-strong anti-oxidant, toxicity is rare
-human body converts beta carotene into vitamin A
what is the biological function of vitamin k? - Answers -blood clotting, bone proteins
what are free radicals and antioxidant? - Answers -molecule with unpaired electron that cause
damage to body structures
