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NU 578 Unit 4 |
UPDATE|COMPREHENSIVE MOST TESTED
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS|GET IT 100% ACCURATE!!
Insulin use - (ANSWER)Insulin is used to treat all patients with type 1 and many
with type 2 diabetes. consists of two amino acid chains (a acidic and b basic)
linked by two disulfide bridges. it is synthesized in the pancreas by b ce;;s within
islets of langerhans. insulin is released by rise in blood sugar (eating a. meal).
Anaolic reaction (insulin promotes conservation of energy and buildup of energy
stores)
Insulin metabolic actions - (ANSWER)Insulin promotes glucose into glycogen,
amino acids assembled into proteins, fatty acids into triglycerides.
Insulin deficiency promotes glycogen into glucose, proteins into amino acids, and
fats into glycerol.
Metformin use - (ANSWER)Biguanide
used for type 2 DM. oral anti diabetic. may be used with other drugs. can be used
for prevention of type 2 diabetes, GDM, PCOS.
Reduces GI absorbance of glucose and hepatic production of glucose. Does not
stimulate insulin release from the pancreas.
,2
Increases HDL, decreases BP, promotes weight loss.
DPP-4 Inhibitors (gliptins) - (ANSWER)go to pancreas and increase insulin release.
Example is Sitaglitpin
Sodium Glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2 inhibitors). (gliflozins) -
(ANSWER)Example: empagliflozin
increases urine excretion of glucose, taken PO, reduces cardiovascular risk of type
2 diabetes.
SE: yeast infections and genital gangrene
Incretin Mimetics ('tides) - (ANSWER)injectables that slow gastric emptying,
causes weight loss and help an overwhelmed pancreas.
solfonylureas - (ANSWER)stimulate pancreas to release more insulin. range in
onset, duration, and potency and are only used for type 2 diabetes. there are first
generation and second generation. second are more potent and doses are lower
and drug drug interactions are less common
AE: hypoglycemia
Acarbose - (ANSWER)a glucosidase inhibitor
, 3
oral anti diabetic agent that inhibits breakdown of oligosaccharides into
monosaccharides. this delays digestion and prolongs absorption of carbs and
decreases postprandial hyperglycemia!!
ADR: FI upset and flatulence.
take this with first bite of each meal.
Insulin Complications/ Drug Interactions - (ANSWER)hypoglycemia caused by
overdose.
hypoglycemic agents (sulfonylureas, glinides, and alcohol), hyperglycemia agents,
b adrenergic blocking agents.
Sitagliptin - (ANSWER)DP4 inhibitor.
stimulates glucose dependent release of insulin and suppresses postprandial
release of glycogen. both actions help keep BG from climbing to ohhight. used for
type 2 dm
AE: URI, headache, inflammation of nasal passages, pancreatitis, hypersensitivity
reactions.
Canagliflozin - (ANSWER)SGC2 inhibitor
reduces reabsorption of glucose and increases urinary glucose excretion
NU 578 Unit 4 |
UPDATE|COMPREHENSIVE MOST TESTED
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS|GET IT 100% ACCURATE!!
Insulin use - (ANSWER)Insulin is used to treat all patients with type 1 and many
with type 2 diabetes. consists of two amino acid chains (a acidic and b basic)
linked by two disulfide bridges. it is synthesized in the pancreas by b ce;;s within
islets of langerhans. insulin is released by rise in blood sugar (eating a. meal).
Anaolic reaction (insulin promotes conservation of energy and buildup of energy
stores)
Insulin metabolic actions - (ANSWER)Insulin promotes glucose into glycogen,
amino acids assembled into proteins, fatty acids into triglycerides.
Insulin deficiency promotes glycogen into glucose, proteins into amino acids, and
fats into glycerol.
Metformin use - (ANSWER)Biguanide
used for type 2 DM. oral anti diabetic. may be used with other drugs. can be used
for prevention of type 2 diabetes, GDM, PCOS.
Reduces GI absorbance of glucose and hepatic production of glucose. Does not
stimulate insulin release from the pancreas.
,2
Increases HDL, decreases BP, promotes weight loss.
DPP-4 Inhibitors (gliptins) - (ANSWER)go to pancreas and increase insulin release.
Example is Sitaglitpin
Sodium Glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2 inhibitors). (gliflozins) -
(ANSWER)Example: empagliflozin
increases urine excretion of glucose, taken PO, reduces cardiovascular risk of type
2 diabetes.
SE: yeast infections and genital gangrene
Incretin Mimetics ('tides) - (ANSWER)injectables that slow gastric emptying,
causes weight loss and help an overwhelmed pancreas.
solfonylureas - (ANSWER)stimulate pancreas to release more insulin. range in
onset, duration, and potency and are only used for type 2 diabetes. there are first
generation and second generation. second are more potent and doses are lower
and drug drug interactions are less common
AE: hypoglycemia
Acarbose - (ANSWER)a glucosidase inhibitor
, 3
oral anti diabetic agent that inhibits breakdown of oligosaccharides into
monosaccharides. this delays digestion and prolongs absorption of carbs and
decreases postprandial hyperglycemia!!
ADR: FI upset and flatulence.
take this with first bite of each meal.
Insulin Complications/ Drug Interactions - (ANSWER)hypoglycemia caused by
overdose.
hypoglycemic agents (sulfonylureas, glinides, and alcohol), hyperglycemia agents,
b adrenergic blocking agents.
Sitagliptin - (ANSWER)DP4 inhibitor.
stimulates glucose dependent release of insulin and suppresses postprandial
release of glycogen. both actions help keep BG from climbing to ohhight. used for
type 2 dm
AE: URI, headache, inflammation of nasal passages, pancreatitis, hypersensitivity
reactions.
Canagliflozin - (ANSWER)SGC2 inhibitor
reduces reabsorption of glucose and increases urinary glucose excretion
