10/6/25, 6:08 AM Brooks Biodiversity Unit 3 EXAM (updated 2025) Questions & Answers | Latest Already Graded A+ UPDATE 2025|2026 Flashcards…
Brooks Biodiversity Unit 3 EXAM (updated 2025)
Questions & Answers | Latest Already Graded A+
UPDATE 2025|2026
Save
Terms in this set (205)
Plant needs
i. collection & conversion of solar energy -> leaves
Plants Architecture ii. positioning & support of leaves -> stems
iii. anchorage & absorption -> roots
iv. transport -> vascular system
Leaf Structure Epidermis, Mesophyll, and Vein (Vascular Bundle)
- Cuticle
Epidermis contains what?
- Guard cells with Stomata
outermost cell layer of a plant body
Epidermis
cutin: (wax) excreted by epidermis
Waxy waterproof covering of a plant.
Cuticle Produced by the epidermis and has wax to resist
desiccation.
Responsible for opening and closing stomata.
Works together with stomata to regulate gas
Guard Cells
exchange.
Prevents movement of water ACROSS surface
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,10/6/25, 6:08 AM Brooks Biodiversity Unit 3 EXAM (updated 2025) Questions & Answers | Latest Already Graded A+ UPDATE 2025|2026 Flashcards…
Small openings on the underside of a leaf through
which oxygen and carbon dioxide can move.
Stomata Mostly on lower surfaces, sometimes on upper
surfaces. Found on both surfaces.
Allows for gas exchange.
2 aspects of light dependent reactions
Photosynthesis light independent reactions
- Parenchyma
Mesophyll contains what?
- Dicots have Palisade & Spongy Layers
Mesophyll Middle leaf structures photosynthetic layer.
Ground tissue that forms the bulk of the mesophyll
Can be modified into collenchyma and sclerenchyma
Thin and flexible cells
Parenchyma
Most common and versatile ground tissue
Used for metabolic functions and storage of organic
products
Palisade layer: where light dependent reactions occur,
near the surface. Top part of the mesophyll in dicot
plants.
Palisade & Spongy layers
Spongy mesophyll or spongy parenchyma: soft lower
layer. Has access to CO2 through stomata. Kelvin
Cycle: where carbon fixation occurs, converting
nonorganic CO2 into sugars.
Transports materials throughout the leaf and contains
Vein (Vascular bundle) the xylem and phloem.
Separating the VB = damage.
Epidermis, Cortex, Collenchyma, Sclerenchyma,
Stem Structure
Vascular Tissues
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, 10/6/25, 6:08 AM Brooks Biodiversity Unit 3 EXAM (updated 2025) Questions & Answers | Latest Already Graded A+ UPDATE 2025|2026 Flashcards…
(Xylem Up)
Distributes water from roots throughout
Aimed towards stem
Xylem
Red
Tells age of tree
Contains: tracheids & vessel members
Thin, hollow, narrow tube, dead cells with perforated,
tapered ends.
Vestigial structure
Tracheids
First kind of tube made
Present in early vascular plants and present in
angiosperms and gymnosperms (slow flow)
Thick, hollow, wide tube, dead cells with large holes
Vessel Members on end.
Clearly visible
(Phloem Down)
Distributes the products of photosynthesis (sugary
water) to plants tissues.
Phloem
Blue
Contains: Sieve tube members (element) &
Companion cells
Sieve Tube Members hollow, living cells with perforated cells
living cells that help keep sieve tube member cells
alive.
Companion Cells
Production of sugars in Kelvin Cycle require
transportation done by companion cells into phloem
Which 4 cell types is most companion cells
active metabolically when
fully functional?
is replaced by bark or cork. Produced by the cork
cambium (tissues that produce other tissues).
Epidermis in Trees Cork (dead) = phloem (alive)
Cork cambium produces cork.
Trees grow wider cause xylem will get clogged
https://quizlet.com/1087958969/brooks-biodiversity-unit-3-exam-updated-2025-questions-answers-latest-already-graded-a-update-20252026-flash-ca… 3/27
Brooks Biodiversity Unit 3 EXAM (updated 2025)
Questions & Answers | Latest Already Graded A+
UPDATE 2025|2026
Save
Terms in this set (205)
Plant needs
i. collection & conversion of solar energy -> leaves
Plants Architecture ii. positioning & support of leaves -> stems
iii. anchorage & absorption -> roots
iv. transport -> vascular system
Leaf Structure Epidermis, Mesophyll, and Vein (Vascular Bundle)
- Cuticle
Epidermis contains what?
- Guard cells with Stomata
outermost cell layer of a plant body
Epidermis
cutin: (wax) excreted by epidermis
Waxy waterproof covering of a plant.
Cuticle Produced by the epidermis and has wax to resist
desiccation.
Responsible for opening and closing stomata.
Works together with stomata to regulate gas
Guard Cells
exchange.
Prevents movement of water ACROSS surface
https://quizlet.com/1087958969/brooks-biodiversity-unit-3-exam-updated-2025-questions-answers-latest-already-graded-a-update-20252026-flash-ca… 1/27
,10/6/25, 6:08 AM Brooks Biodiversity Unit 3 EXAM (updated 2025) Questions & Answers | Latest Already Graded A+ UPDATE 2025|2026 Flashcards…
Small openings on the underside of a leaf through
which oxygen and carbon dioxide can move.
Stomata Mostly on lower surfaces, sometimes on upper
surfaces. Found on both surfaces.
Allows for gas exchange.
2 aspects of light dependent reactions
Photosynthesis light independent reactions
- Parenchyma
Mesophyll contains what?
- Dicots have Palisade & Spongy Layers
Mesophyll Middle leaf structures photosynthetic layer.
Ground tissue that forms the bulk of the mesophyll
Can be modified into collenchyma and sclerenchyma
Thin and flexible cells
Parenchyma
Most common and versatile ground tissue
Used for metabolic functions and storage of organic
products
Palisade layer: where light dependent reactions occur,
near the surface. Top part of the mesophyll in dicot
plants.
Palisade & Spongy layers
Spongy mesophyll or spongy parenchyma: soft lower
layer. Has access to CO2 through stomata. Kelvin
Cycle: where carbon fixation occurs, converting
nonorganic CO2 into sugars.
Transports materials throughout the leaf and contains
Vein (Vascular bundle) the xylem and phloem.
Separating the VB = damage.
Epidermis, Cortex, Collenchyma, Sclerenchyma,
Stem Structure
Vascular Tissues
https://quizlet.com/1087958969/brooks-biodiversity-unit-3-exam-updated-2025-questions-answers-latest-already-graded-a-update-20252026-flash-ca… 2/27
, 10/6/25, 6:08 AM Brooks Biodiversity Unit 3 EXAM (updated 2025) Questions & Answers | Latest Already Graded A+ UPDATE 2025|2026 Flashcards…
(Xylem Up)
Distributes water from roots throughout
Aimed towards stem
Xylem
Red
Tells age of tree
Contains: tracheids & vessel members
Thin, hollow, narrow tube, dead cells with perforated,
tapered ends.
Vestigial structure
Tracheids
First kind of tube made
Present in early vascular plants and present in
angiosperms and gymnosperms (slow flow)
Thick, hollow, wide tube, dead cells with large holes
Vessel Members on end.
Clearly visible
(Phloem Down)
Distributes the products of photosynthesis (sugary
water) to plants tissues.
Phloem
Blue
Contains: Sieve tube members (element) &
Companion cells
Sieve Tube Members hollow, living cells with perforated cells
living cells that help keep sieve tube member cells
alive.
Companion Cells
Production of sugars in Kelvin Cycle require
transportation done by companion cells into phloem
Which 4 cell types is most companion cells
active metabolically when
fully functional?
is replaced by bark or cork. Produced by the cork
cambium (tissues that produce other tissues).
Epidermis in Trees Cork (dead) = phloem (alive)
Cork cambium produces cork.
Trees grow wider cause xylem will get clogged
https://quizlet.com/1087958969/brooks-biodiversity-unit-3-exam-updated-2025-questions-answers-latest-already-graded-a-update-20252026-flash-ca… 3/27
