ASU BIO 340 General Genetics Exam
Questions with Verified Answers
Loss-of-function mutations - ✔✔cause a gene to lose some or all of its normal function.
Hypomorphic mutations - ✔✔those that have lost only some of their function.
Null mutations - ✔✔have lost all of their function.
haploinsufficient - ✔✔a single copy is sufficient to produce the wild-type phenotype in the
heterozygous genotype
codominance - ✔✔both alleles for the same characteristic are simultaneously expressed in the
heterozygote.
Incomplete Dominance - ✔✔heterozygote phenotype appears to be intermediate between the
two parents
Multiple Alleles - ✔✔An example of ____ ABO blood-type system in humans. In this case, there
are three alleles circulating in the population.
allelic series - ✔✔dominance hierarchy of multiple alleles
Complementary Gene Interaction - ✔✔9:7 Ratio /indicates two genes interacting in the same
pathway. Mutations in either gene disrupt the pathway, causing the mutant phenotype.
, Duplicate Gene Interaction - ✔✔15:1 Ratio /genes in a redundant system; they encode the
same product, or they encode products that have the same effect in a pathway or
compensatory pathways.
Dominant Gene Interaction - ✔✔9:6:1 Ratio /two genes govern any character separately but
when both are present together, their phenotypic effect is increased as if the effects of the two
genes were additive or cumulative.
Recessive Epistasis - ✔✔9:3:4 Ratio /occurs when recessive alleles at one gene mask or reduce
the expression of alleles at the interacting locus.
Dominant Epistasis - ✔✔12:3:1 Ratio /a dominant allele of one gene masks or reduces the
expression of either allele of the other gene.
Dominant Suppression - ✔✔13:3 Ratio /occurs when the dominant allele of one gene
suppresses the expression of a dominant allele of a second gene.
recessive lethal - ✔✔An inheritance pattern in which an allele is only deadly in the homozygous
form and in which the heterozygote may be normal
dominant lethal - ✔✔this allele can only be transmitted if the phenotype occurs after
reproductive age.
pleiotropic - ✔✔Genes that control multiple, seeminlgy unrelated feaures
Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance - ✔✔Homologous chromosome pairs migrate as discrete
structures that are independent of other chromosome pairs. Sorting of chromosomes appears
to be random. Male and female gametes have the same number of chromosomes. Gametic
chromosomes combine during fertilization
Questions with Verified Answers
Loss-of-function mutations - ✔✔cause a gene to lose some or all of its normal function.
Hypomorphic mutations - ✔✔those that have lost only some of their function.
Null mutations - ✔✔have lost all of their function.
haploinsufficient - ✔✔a single copy is sufficient to produce the wild-type phenotype in the
heterozygous genotype
codominance - ✔✔both alleles for the same characteristic are simultaneously expressed in the
heterozygote.
Incomplete Dominance - ✔✔heterozygote phenotype appears to be intermediate between the
two parents
Multiple Alleles - ✔✔An example of ____ ABO blood-type system in humans. In this case, there
are three alleles circulating in the population.
allelic series - ✔✔dominance hierarchy of multiple alleles
Complementary Gene Interaction - ✔✔9:7 Ratio /indicates two genes interacting in the same
pathway. Mutations in either gene disrupt the pathway, causing the mutant phenotype.
, Duplicate Gene Interaction - ✔✔15:1 Ratio /genes in a redundant system; they encode the
same product, or they encode products that have the same effect in a pathway or
compensatory pathways.
Dominant Gene Interaction - ✔✔9:6:1 Ratio /two genes govern any character separately but
when both are present together, their phenotypic effect is increased as if the effects of the two
genes were additive or cumulative.
Recessive Epistasis - ✔✔9:3:4 Ratio /occurs when recessive alleles at one gene mask or reduce
the expression of alleles at the interacting locus.
Dominant Epistasis - ✔✔12:3:1 Ratio /a dominant allele of one gene masks or reduces the
expression of either allele of the other gene.
Dominant Suppression - ✔✔13:3 Ratio /occurs when the dominant allele of one gene
suppresses the expression of a dominant allele of a second gene.
recessive lethal - ✔✔An inheritance pattern in which an allele is only deadly in the homozygous
form and in which the heterozygote may be normal
dominant lethal - ✔✔this allele can only be transmitted if the phenotype occurs after
reproductive age.
pleiotropic - ✔✔Genes that control multiple, seeminlgy unrelated feaures
Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance - ✔✔Homologous chromosome pairs migrate as discrete
structures that are independent of other chromosome pairs. Sorting of chromosomes appears
to be random. Male and female gametes have the same number of chromosomes. Gametic
chromosomes combine during fertilization
