,Contents
Part | Instructor’s Guide
The Human Body: An Orientation 1
Basic Chemistry 13
Cells and Tissue 26
Skin and Body Membranes 40
The Skeletal System 49
The Muscular System 61
The Nervous System 72
Special Senses 84
Oo
Bh
WAN
WN
ON The Endocrine System 95
Blood 106
&
—
ee The Cardiovascular System 114
The Lymphatic System and Body Defenses 128
The Respiratory System 138
The Digestive System and Body Metabolism 148
SSMm
SeWwW
b&b
N The Urinary System 160
16 The Reproductive System 169
Media Resource Distributors 180
Part il Test Bank
The Human Body: An Orientation T-1
Basic Chemistry T-20
Cells and Tissue T-40
Skin and Body Membranes _ T-62
The Skeletal System T-78
The Muscular System T-100
The Nervous System T-121
Special Senses T-149
UN
©
AN
PWN
A The Endocrine System T-169
Blood T-189
&
=
ee The Cardiovascular System T-208
The Lymphatic System and Body Defenses T-228
The Respiratory System T-248
The Digestive System and Body Metabolism T-269
The Urinary System T-292
ns
U1
Ov
.
GS The Reproductive System T-313
,CHAPTER SUMMARY
Chapter 1 introduces and establishes the framework upon which all the other chapters are
built. This chapter provides the necessary terminology so that instructor and students are
all “speaking the same language.” Marieb begins by defining the key terms anatomy and
physiology, and then continues to describe the ways in which these key terms are
interrelated. It is important that students realize that function closely follows structure,
since that concept will help them-to master the more difficult material in future chapters.
Levels of organization are presented next, beginning with the atomic level and continuing
through to the highest level of organization, the human body. A brief overview of the
various organ systems follows the discussion of the levels of structural organization, and
the ways in which all the organ systems are connected into a working whole. This concept
is further augmented by the discussion of the necessary life functions, since it is important
for students to understand that each of the organ systems has several functions, and that
any given function (e.g., excretion) is actually carried out by several organ systems working
together to maintain appropriate balance within the living organism. This leads to a
discussion of homeostasis, and the disease states that occur both within itself and with its
surrounding environment when homeostatic mechanisms are out of balance for extended
periods. Students appreciate the image of the dynamic body continually striving to
maintain balance and equilibrium.
The final section of this chapter provides the basic terminology that will be used and
expanded upon throughout the text. Directional terms help the student distinguish
between relative terms such as proximal and distal, and thus help them understand the
midline of the body as an axis point. Regional terms differentiate anterior and posterior
body landmarks, divide the body into sections and planes, and identify the body cavities
and their components. The anatomists’ useful description of regions is also presented to
round out the students’ awareness of the ways in which the body can be physically and
intellectually dissected.
SUGGESTED LECTURE OUTLINE TEACHING TIP
G“ word roots, prefixes, and
I. AN OVERVIEW OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY suffixes to help students begin
(p. 2) to build a language of biology.
Have students make flash cards of
A. Anatomy (p. 2) the word parts, then combine them
1. Gross anatomy in different ways to make new
1. Microscopic anatomy terms. In discussing medical condi-
B. Physiology (p. 2) tions, point out the use of these
same word parts to form medical
1. Neurophysiology
terms. Students are usually
2. Cardiac physiology excited to see how quickly their
C. Relationship Between Anatomy and Physiology (p. 2) vocabulary begins to build based
1. Anatomical structure determines physiological on their increasing knowledge of
function word parts.
, 2 Instructor's Guide for Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology
Il. LEVELS OF STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION (pp. 2-7) MEDIA TIP
A. From Atoms to Organisms (pp. 2-3) 12 Universe Within (CBS;
i: Chemical Level—atoms combine to form 60 min., 1995). Using micro-
molecules photography, NOVA presents the
microworld of the human body.
Cellular Level—molecules combine to form cells
such as smooth muscle cells
Tissue Level—similar cells combine to form
tissues such as smooth muscle tissue
Organ Level—differing tissues combine to form
organs such as a blood vessel made of epithelial,
smooth, and connective tissues :
Organ System Level—differing organs combine to
form organ systems such as the cardiovascular
system
Organismal Level—many organ systems combine
6.
to form organisms such as a human being
B. Organ System Overview (pp. 3-7; Figure 1.2)
i Integumentary System—external covering for
body, vitamin D synthesis, cutaneous reception,
sweat and oil gland secretion
Skeletal System—protect and support deeper
body tissues and organs, framework for
movement, hematopoiesis, mineral storage
Muscular System—manipulation of environment,
locomotion, facial expression, posture
maintenance, heat production
Nervous System—fast-acting response to internal
and external stimuli, activation of muscles and
glands
Endocrine System—secretion of hormones which
regulate growth, reproduction, and metabolism
Cardiovascular System—transportation of blood
which carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients,
and wastes
Lymphatic System—returns leaked fluid to blood,
disposes of debris, houses white blood cells for
immunity
Respiratory System—maintains blood oxygen and
removes carbon dioxide via lung air sacs
Digestive System—breaks down ingested food for
absorption, eliminates undigested foods as feces
10. Urinary System—eliminates nitrogenous wastes;
regulates water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance
of blood
ie Reproductive System—production of viable
offspring
a. Male reproductive system—testes produce
sperm and male sex hormones
b. Female reproductive system—ovaries produce
eggs and female sex hormones, fertilization
and development of fetus, mammary glands to
nourish newborn
Part | Instructor’s Guide
The Human Body: An Orientation 1
Basic Chemistry 13
Cells and Tissue 26
Skin and Body Membranes 40
The Skeletal System 49
The Muscular System 61
The Nervous System 72
Special Senses 84
Oo
Bh
WAN
WN
ON The Endocrine System 95
Blood 106
&
—
ee The Cardiovascular System 114
The Lymphatic System and Body Defenses 128
The Respiratory System 138
The Digestive System and Body Metabolism 148
SSMm
SeWwW
b&b
N The Urinary System 160
16 The Reproductive System 169
Media Resource Distributors 180
Part il Test Bank
The Human Body: An Orientation T-1
Basic Chemistry T-20
Cells and Tissue T-40
Skin and Body Membranes _ T-62
The Skeletal System T-78
The Muscular System T-100
The Nervous System T-121
Special Senses T-149
UN
©
AN
PWN
A The Endocrine System T-169
Blood T-189
&
=
ee The Cardiovascular System T-208
The Lymphatic System and Body Defenses T-228
The Respiratory System T-248
The Digestive System and Body Metabolism T-269
The Urinary System T-292
ns
U1
Ov
.
GS The Reproductive System T-313
,CHAPTER SUMMARY
Chapter 1 introduces and establishes the framework upon which all the other chapters are
built. This chapter provides the necessary terminology so that instructor and students are
all “speaking the same language.” Marieb begins by defining the key terms anatomy and
physiology, and then continues to describe the ways in which these key terms are
interrelated. It is important that students realize that function closely follows structure,
since that concept will help them-to master the more difficult material in future chapters.
Levels of organization are presented next, beginning with the atomic level and continuing
through to the highest level of organization, the human body. A brief overview of the
various organ systems follows the discussion of the levels of structural organization, and
the ways in which all the organ systems are connected into a working whole. This concept
is further augmented by the discussion of the necessary life functions, since it is important
for students to understand that each of the organ systems has several functions, and that
any given function (e.g., excretion) is actually carried out by several organ systems working
together to maintain appropriate balance within the living organism. This leads to a
discussion of homeostasis, and the disease states that occur both within itself and with its
surrounding environment when homeostatic mechanisms are out of balance for extended
periods. Students appreciate the image of the dynamic body continually striving to
maintain balance and equilibrium.
The final section of this chapter provides the basic terminology that will be used and
expanded upon throughout the text. Directional terms help the student distinguish
between relative terms such as proximal and distal, and thus help them understand the
midline of the body as an axis point. Regional terms differentiate anterior and posterior
body landmarks, divide the body into sections and planes, and identify the body cavities
and their components. The anatomists’ useful description of regions is also presented to
round out the students’ awareness of the ways in which the body can be physically and
intellectually dissected.
SUGGESTED LECTURE OUTLINE TEACHING TIP
G“ word roots, prefixes, and
I. AN OVERVIEW OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY suffixes to help students begin
(p. 2) to build a language of biology.
Have students make flash cards of
A. Anatomy (p. 2) the word parts, then combine them
1. Gross anatomy in different ways to make new
1. Microscopic anatomy terms. In discussing medical condi-
B. Physiology (p. 2) tions, point out the use of these
same word parts to form medical
1. Neurophysiology
terms. Students are usually
2. Cardiac physiology excited to see how quickly their
C. Relationship Between Anatomy and Physiology (p. 2) vocabulary begins to build based
1. Anatomical structure determines physiological on their increasing knowledge of
function word parts.
, 2 Instructor's Guide for Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology
Il. LEVELS OF STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION (pp. 2-7) MEDIA TIP
A. From Atoms to Organisms (pp. 2-3) 12 Universe Within (CBS;
i: Chemical Level—atoms combine to form 60 min., 1995). Using micro-
molecules photography, NOVA presents the
microworld of the human body.
Cellular Level—molecules combine to form cells
such as smooth muscle cells
Tissue Level—similar cells combine to form
tissues such as smooth muscle tissue
Organ Level—differing tissues combine to form
organs such as a blood vessel made of epithelial,
smooth, and connective tissues :
Organ System Level—differing organs combine to
form organ systems such as the cardiovascular
system
Organismal Level—many organ systems combine
6.
to form organisms such as a human being
B. Organ System Overview (pp. 3-7; Figure 1.2)
i Integumentary System—external covering for
body, vitamin D synthesis, cutaneous reception,
sweat and oil gland secretion
Skeletal System—protect and support deeper
body tissues and organs, framework for
movement, hematopoiesis, mineral storage
Muscular System—manipulation of environment,
locomotion, facial expression, posture
maintenance, heat production
Nervous System—fast-acting response to internal
and external stimuli, activation of muscles and
glands
Endocrine System—secretion of hormones which
regulate growth, reproduction, and metabolism
Cardiovascular System—transportation of blood
which carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients,
and wastes
Lymphatic System—returns leaked fluid to blood,
disposes of debris, houses white blood cells for
immunity
Respiratory System—maintains blood oxygen and
removes carbon dioxide via lung air sacs
Digestive System—breaks down ingested food for
absorption, eliminates undigested foods as feces
10. Urinary System—eliminates nitrogenous wastes;
regulates water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance
of blood
ie Reproductive System—production of viable
offspring
a. Male reproductive system—testes produce
sperm and male sex hormones
b. Female reproductive system—ovaries produce
eggs and female sex hormones, fertilization
and development of fetus, mammary glands to
nourish newborn
