Psych 381 midterm exam
Describe the cardinal directions: - CORRECT ANSWER-Anterior: In front
Posterior: In back
Superior: Above
Inferior: Below
Dorsal & ventral:
- When looking at the brain, the dorsal is the top of the brain and ventral is the bottom of
the brain.
- When looking from the neck down, the dorsal is towards the back (like a shark) and
ventral is towards the front
The distinction between afferent and efferent: - CORRECT ANSWER-- Afferent nerves
move from the senses towards the CNS (ARRIVE)
- Efferent nerves move away from the DNS towards the senses (EXIT)
List the layers of the meninges from most superficial (furthest from the brain) to most
deep (closest to the brain): - CORRECT ANSWER-Dura mater (hard mother): Hard
protective outer layer
Arachnoid membrane
Subarachnoid space: consists mostly of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)
Pia mater (soft mother): thin membrane
Role and function/location of CSF: - CORRECT ANSWER-Supports and cushions the
brain
- Found in spinal cord, ventricles, and subarachnoid space
Describe the 3 different "cuts" of the brain: - CORRECT ANSWER-When looking at a
subject in anatomical position-
Sagittal: vertical slices (anterior to posterior)
Axial: Horizontal slices (like the x axis)
Coronal: (vertical slices but from side to side; like a crown)
List the order of the "encephalon" brain structures: - CORRECT ANSWER-
Telencephalon
Diencephalon
Mesencephalon
, Metencephalon
Myelencephalon
What the telencephalon is composed of: - CORRECT ANSWER-Cerebral cortex: high
level processing
Basal ganglia: motor control; it's within the cerebral cortex
Limbic system: attention and motivation
What the diencephalon is composed of, and those structure's functions: - CORRECT
ANSWER-Thalamus: Sensory switchboard (receives signals from the receptors,
processes them, and then transmits them to the appropriate areas of the sensory
cortex)
Hypothalamus: Plays an important role in the regulation of several motivated behaviors
(e.g. eating, sleeping, and sexual behaviors). Does this by regulating the release of
hormones from the pituitary gland.
Another name for the mesencephalon is: - CORRECT ANSWER-the midbrain
What the metencephalon is composed of: - CORRECT ANSWER-Cerebellum: fine
motor control
Pons: relays signals from the forebrain to the cerebellum; also other functions (e.g.
sleep, respiration, swallowing, hearing, bladder control taste, etc.)
What the myelencephalon is composed of: - CORRECT ANSWER-Medulla: breathing,
heart rate; other autonomic functions
Anatomy and function of the thalamus: - CORRECT ANSWER-Large, two-lobed
structure that constitutes the top of the brain stem. It is the main structure for sensory
information coming to the CNS.
Anatomy and function of the Basal ganglia: - CORRECT ANSWER-Complex
heterogeneous collection of interconnected nuclei (concentration of cell bodies).
- involved in motor control; carries signals to and from the motor areas of the cortex
- It has been shown to participate in (but is not limited to) habit learning.
Anatomy and function of the cerebellum: - CORRECT ANSWER-Made up of lobes,
columns, and layers. Contains more than half the brain's neurons!
Describe the cardinal directions: - CORRECT ANSWER-Anterior: In front
Posterior: In back
Superior: Above
Inferior: Below
Dorsal & ventral:
- When looking at the brain, the dorsal is the top of the brain and ventral is the bottom of
the brain.
- When looking from the neck down, the dorsal is towards the back (like a shark) and
ventral is towards the front
The distinction between afferent and efferent: - CORRECT ANSWER-- Afferent nerves
move from the senses towards the CNS (ARRIVE)
- Efferent nerves move away from the DNS towards the senses (EXIT)
List the layers of the meninges from most superficial (furthest from the brain) to most
deep (closest to the brain): - CORRECT ANSWER-Dura mater (hard mother): Hard
protective outer layer
Arachnoid membrane
Subarachnoid space: consists mostly of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)
Pia mater (soft mother): thin membrane
Role and function/location of CSF: - CORRECT ANSWER-Supports and cushions the
brain
- Found in spinal cord, ventricles, and subarachnoid space
Describe the 3 different "cuts" of the brain: - CORRECT ANSWER-When looking at a
subject in anatomical position-
Sagittal: vertical slices (anterior to posterior)
Axial: Horizontal slices (like the x axis)
Coronal: (vertical slices but from side to side; like a crown)
List the order of the "encephalon" brain structures: - CORRECT ANSWER-
Telencephalon
Diencephalon
Mesencephalon
, Metencephalon
Myelencephalon
What the telencephalon is composed of: - CORRECT ANSWER-Cerebral cortex: high
level processing
Basal ganglia: motor control; it's within the cerebral cortex
Limbic system: attention and motivation
What the diencephalon is composed of, and those structure's functions: - CORRECT
ANSWER-Thalamus: Sensory switchboard (receives signals from the receptors,
processes them, and then transmits them to the appropriate areas of the sensory
cortex)
Hypothalamus: Plays an important role in the regulation of several motivated behaviors
(e.g. eating, sleeping, and sexual behaviors). Does this by regulating the release of
hormones from the pituitary gland.
Another name for the mesencephalon is: - CORRECT ANSWER-the midbrain
What the metencephalon is composed of: - CORRECT ANSWER-Cerebellum: fine
motor control
Pons: relays signals from the forebrain to the cerebellum; also other functions (e.g.
sleep, respiration, swallowing, hearing, bladder control taste, etc.)
What the myelencephalon is composed of: - CORRECT ANSWER-Medulla: breathing,
heart rate; other autonomic functions
Anatomy and function of the thalamus: - CORRECT ANSWER-Large, two-lobed
structure that constitutes the top of the brain stem. It is the main structure for sensory
information coming to the CNS.
Anatomy and function of the Basal ganglia: - CORRECT ANSWER-Complex
heterogeneous collection of interconnected nuclei (concentration of cell bodies).
- involved in motor control; carries signals to and from the motor areas of the cortex
- It has been shown to participate in (but is not limited to) habit learning.
Anatomy and function of the cerebellum: - CORRECT ANSWER-Made up of lobes,
columns, and layers. Contains more than half the brain's neurons!
