PRECLINICAL DENTAL HYGIENE
EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE LATEST
STUDY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Biofilm : - ANSWER-a living film—containing a well-organized community of
bacteria—that grows on a surface
Phase 1/Film Coating - ANSWER-forms within minutes after cleaning: its a
tenacious membranous layer that is amporhous acellular and organic : forms
over surface, restoration, and calculus (CAN BE REMOVED WITH FLOSSING
AND BRUSHING)
Phase 2—Initial Attachment to Pellicle - ANSWER-- Within a few hours after
pellicle formation, bacteria begin to attach to the surface of the pellicle.
- Some bacteria have hair-like attachment structures that enable them to
attach rapidly upon contact.
- These hairlike structures are called fimbriae. (CAN BE REMOVED WITH
FLOSSING AND BRUSHING)
Phase 3- New Bacteria Join In (Matrix Formation) - ANSWER-bacteria attached
to the tooth PRODUCE SUBSTANCES that stimulate other free-floating
bacteria to join community, extracellular slime layer is made.
Extracellular Slime Layer (EPS) - - ANSWER-the attachment of bacteria to the
tooth surface stimulates the bacteria to excrete this slimy, glue-like
substance (happens in Stage 3)
Phase 4/ Microbiology formation (biofilm growth) - ANSWER-the mass and
thickness of biofilm increases, bacteria proliferate and begin to grow away
from the tooth surface, bacteria blooms form
Bacteria blooms - ANSWER-are periods when specific species or group of
species grow at rapidly accelerated rates (starts in stage 4)
Phase 5/ Mature Dental Plaque Biofilm (maturation) - ANSWER-bacteria
cluster to form mushroom-shaped micro colonies that attach to the tooth
surface at a narrow base or detach in single cells of clumps, release
planktonic cells to spread and colonize in other areas of the mouth
microcolonies - ANSWER-are complex collections of different bacteria linked
to one another
, acquired pellicle - ANSWER-composed of a variety of salivary glycoproteins
(mucins) and antibodies
Purpose of Acquired Pellicle : - ANSWER--Protect the enamel from acids:
provides a barrier
-Facilitates bacterial adhesion to tooth surface by altering the charge and
engird of the tooth surface
Natures Sticky Tape - ANSWER-view the acquired pellicle as "double-sided
adhesive adheres to the tooth surface on one side and aides bacteria in
attaching to the tooth
Supragingival pellicle - ANSWER-Clear, translucent, insoluble, and not readily
visible until a disclosing agent has been applied
Subgingival pellicle - ANSWER-continuous with the supragingival pellicle
can become embedded in the tooth structured
3 Bacteria Associated with Periodontal Disease - ANSWER-Aggregtibacter
actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) , Tannerella Forsythia (Tf), Porphyromonas (Pg)
Composition Of Biofilm - ANSWER-80% Water & 20% Inorganic/Organic Cells
SupraGingival Biofilms - ANSWER--Coronal to gingival Margin
-Adheres to acquired pellicle, bacteria and tooth
-Shape & Size - thin in health, thicker in gingivitis
-Microorganisms - early biofilm - mostly gram positive cocci : older Biofilm -
becomes more complex and Gram Negative
Etiology Of Supragingival Biofilms - ANSWER-Gingivitis, SupraGingival
Calculus and Dental Caries
Subgingival Calculus - ANSWER--Apical to gingival margin
-Adheres to tooth, Subgingival pellicle and calculus
-Molded to pocket shape and thicker as pocket come less tight
-Environment conductive to more anaerobic microorganisms - gram negative
spirochetes and rods
Etiology of Subgingival Biofilm - ANSWER-gingivitis, periodontal infections,
sub gingival calculus
EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE LATEST
STUDY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Biofilm : - ANSWER-a living film—containing a well-organized community of
bacteria—that grows on a surface
Phase 1/Film Coating - ANSWER-forms within minutes after cleaning: its a
tenacious membranous layer that is amporhous acellular and organic : forms
over surface, restoration, and calculus (CAN BE REMOVED WITH FLOSSING
AND BRUSHING)
Phase 2—Initial Attachment to Pellicle - ANSWER-- Within a few hours after
pellicle formation, bacteria begin to attach to the surface of the pellicle.
- Some bacteria have hair-like attachment structures that enable them to
attach rapidly upon contact.
- These hairlike structures are called fimbriae. (CAN BE REMOVED WITH
FLOSSING AND BRUSHING)
Phase 3- New Bacteria Join In (Matrix Formation) - ANSWER-bacteria attached
to the tooth PRODUCE SUBSTANCES that stimulate other free-floating
bacteria to join community, extracellular slime layer is made.
Extracellular Slime Layer (EPS) - - ANSWER-the attachment of bacteria to the
tooth surface stimulates the bacteria to excrete this slimy, glue-like
substance (happens in Stage 3)
Phase 4/ Microbiology formation (biofilm growth) - ANSWER-the mass and
thickness of biofilm increases, bacteria proliferate and begin to grow away
from the tooth surface, bacteria blooms form
Bacteria blooms - ANSWER-are periods when specific species or group of
species grow at rapidly accelerated rates (starts in stage 4)
Phase 5/ Mature Dental Plaque Biofilm (maturation) - ANSWER-bacteria
cluster to form mushroom-shaped micro colonies that attach to the tooth
surface at a narrow base or detach in single cells of clumps, release
planktonic cells to spread and colonize in other areas of the mouth
microcolonies - ANSWER-are complex collections of different bacteria linked
to one another
, acquired pellicle - ANSWER-composed of a variety of salivary glycoproteins
(mucins) and antibodies
Purpose of Acquired Pellicle : - ANSWER--Protect the enamel from acids:
provides a barrier
-Facilitates bacterial adhesion to tooth surface by altering the charge and
engird of the tooth surface
Natures Sticky Tape - ANSWER-view the acquired pellicle as "double-sided
adhesive adheres to the tooth surface on one side and aides bacteria in
attaching to the tooth
Supragingival pellicle - ANSWER-Clear, translucent, insoluble, and not readily
visible until a disclosing agent has been applied
Subgingival pellicle - ANSWER-continuous with the supragingival pellicle
can become embedded in the tooth structured
3 Bacteria Associated with Periodontal Disease - ANSWER-Aggregtibacter
actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) , Tannerella Forsythia (Tf), Porphyromonas (Pg)
Composition Of Biofilm - ANSWER-80% Water & 20% Inorganic/Organic Cells
SupraGingival Biofilms - ANSWER--Coronal to gingival Margin
-Adheres to acquired pellicle, bacteria and tooth
-Shape & Size - thin in health, thicker in gingivitis
-Microorganisms - early biofilm - mostly gram positive cocci : older Biofilm -
becomes more complex and Gram Negative
Etiology Of Supragingival Biofilms - ANSWER-Gingivitis, SupraGingival
Calculus and Dental Caries
Subgingival Calculus - ANSWER--Apical to gingival margin
-Adheres to tooth, Subgingival pellicle and calculus
-Molded to pocket shape and thicker as pocket come less tight
-Environment conductive to more anaerobic microorganisms - gram negative
spirochetes and rods
Etiology of Subgingival Biofilm - ANSWER-gingivitis, periodontal infections,
sub gingival calculus
