Exam 1 TWU 5663 pharmacology Questions With 100% Correct Answers.

Pharmacodynamics The study of the biochemical and physiologic effects of drugs and the molecular mechanisms by which those effects are produced What drugs do to the body and how they do it Absorption The movement of a drug from its site of administration into the blood PO, Parental, transdermal, rectal, etc. Distribution a drugs movement from blood to interstitial space of tissues and into the cells speed is increased by greater blood flow fat soluble drugs distribute easily compared to water soluble metabolism or biotransformation The enzymatically mediated alteration of drug structure e.g. codeine transforming to morphine phase 1 metabolism mediated by CYP 450 converts non-polar lipid-soluble medications into polar water soluble metabolites through oxidation, reduction, or hydrolysis phase 2 metabolism Conjugation reactions in which medications are joined with another compound which makes it more polar and easier to be excreted via the kidneys Groups of compounds: Methyl, acetyl, sulfa, glutathione, glucoride, amino acid poor metabolizers less enzymes causing them to be slower and less effective w/ certain meds meds build in body and cause dangerous side effects rapid metabolizers more difficult to achieve a high level of meds more likely to experience adverse effects potency how strong a drug is at a particular dose potency is the affinity for a a drug at a receptorefficacy effectiveness of a drug to produce intended effect agonist molecules that activate receptors and mimics bodys regulatory molecules binds to target and causes maximal change in target partial agonist a drug that binds to a receptor and causes a response that is less than that caused by a full agonist e.g. buspirone: still have anxiety while on it antagonist produce their effects by preventing receptor activation blocking or reversing the effects of agonists competitive antagonists compete with agonists at binding site reversible decrease potency but not efficacy, more drug required noncompetitive antagonists binds to a site other than the agonists binding site and deactivates the receptor reduces the max response that an agonist can produce irreversible decrease efficacy, not potency inverse agonists have opposite effects of agonists therapeutic index a measurement of drug safety TI= TD50/ED50 narrow therapeutic index medication is less safe, monitor levels closely Name the 4 types of bonds Covalent, ionic, hydrogen, vanderwaals What is the strongest type of bond? CovalentWhat is the weakest type of bond? Vanderwaals Pharmokinetics The study of drug movement throughout the body; how the body affects drugs wide therapeutic index medication is more safe pKa pH at which 50% of drug is ionized and 50% is unionized ED50 Effective dose in 50% of the population TD50 toxic dose in 50% of the population LD50 lethal dose (of a toxin) for 50% of the test population EC50 Concentration of the drug that produces 50% of maximal effect bioavailability the amount of drug in bloodstream compared to the amount of drug given the amount of active drug that reaches the system circulation from its site of administration factors that cause variability in absoprtion method of administration- IV 100% bioavailability gender race diarrhea and constipation