PSYC 220 Exam 2 Timothy Dugas
SELU
Why to use Correlational Research - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Provides a good source
to identify potential causal relationships.
2. Variables are not able to be manipulated
3. Relate naturally occurring variables.
Correlational Research - CORRECT ANSWER-Goal: Identify relationships, observe if
variables covary
correlation coefficient: r
-1.00 ≤ r ≤ 1.00
strength of relationship: magnitude
direction of relationship: + / -
Positive Correlation - CORRECT ANSWER-factors vary in same direction
↑ and ↑ ... or ... ↓ and ↓
Negative Correlation - CORRECT ANSWER-factors vary in opposite direction
↑ and ↓ ... or ... ↑ and ↓
Correlation - CORRECT ANSWER-does not equal causation
does allow for individuals to predict behavior
Two Correlation Variable - CORRECT ANSWER-Predictor Variable
Criterion Variable
Characteristics of Experimental Research - CORRECT ANSWER-1)Manipulation of one
or more variables
2)Control over extraneous variables
Correlation - CORRECT ANSWER-does not equal causation
does allow for individuals to predict behavior
2 Problems with Correlational Research - CORRECT ANSWER-1) The third variable
problem
2)Directionality Problem
, The Third Variable Problem - CORRECT ANSWER-when a correlational relationship is
discovered because of another variable not accounted for in the study.
One way to resolve is by examining the effects of each potential third variable.
Experimental Research - CORRECT ANSWER-incorporates a high degree of control
over variables and allows researchers to establish causal relationships between
variables
Can State Causation
Directionality Problem - CORRECT ANSWER-not being able to observe and indicate
which variable effects the other.
Ex) Aggressive Behaviors and Violent Video Games
Variables in Experimental Research - CORRECT ANSWER-Independent Variable and
Dependent Variable
Independent variable - CORRECT ANSWER-it will cause the DV to change.
Independent Variable - CORRECT ANSWER-Only the experimental group or groups
receives the variable
Variable is manipulated by the experimenter.
Suspected to cause change in DV
Treatments - CORRECT ANSWER-specific conditions associated with each level of the
IV that must have at least 2 levels.
Extraneous Variables - CORRECT ANSWER-effects the dependent variable, but is not
under investigation during the current study.
Must control these variables
Ways to Control Extraneous Variables - CORRECT ANSWER-1)Hold them constant
2)Randomly assign participants to different groups
Experimental Strengths - CORRECT ANSWER-Ability to determine cause and effect
relationships
Experimental Limitations - CORRECT ANSWER-Can not use if you can not manipulate
a variable
Ex) personality research
Tightly controlling extraneous variables does not allow one to generalize findings
SELU
Why to use Correlational Research - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Provides a good source
to identify potential causal relationships.
2. Variables are not able to be manipulated
3. Relate naturally occurring variables.
Correlational Research - CORRECT ANSWER-Goal: Identify relationships, observe if
variables covary
correlation coefficient: r
-1.00 ≤ r ≤ 1.00
strength of relationship: magnitude
direction of relationship: + / -
Positive Correlation - CORRECT ANSWER-factors vary in same direction
↑ and ↑ ... or ... ↓ and ↓
Negative Correlation - CORRECT ANSWER-factors vary in opposite direction
↑ and ↓ ... or ... ↑ and ↓
Correlation - CORRECT ANSWER-does not equal causation
does allow for individuals to predict behavior
Two Correlation Variable - CORRECT ANSWER-Predictor Variable
Criterion Variable
Characteristics of Experimental Research - CORRECT ANSWER-1)Manipulation of one
or more variables
2)Control over extraneous variables
Correlation - CORRECT ANSWER-does not equal causation
does allow for individuals to predict behavior
2 Problems with Correlational Research - CORRECT ANSWER-1) The third variable
problem
2)Directionality Problem
, The Third Variable Problem - CORRECT ANSWER-when a correlational relationship is
discovered because of another variable not accounted for in the study.
One way to resolve is by examining the effects of each potential third variable.
Experimental Research - CORRECT ANSWER-incorporates a high degree of control
over variables and allows researchers to establish causal relationships between
variables
Can State Causation
Directionality Problem - CORRECT ANSWER-not being able to observe and indicate
which variable effects the other.
Ex) Aggressive Behaviors and Violent Video Games
Variables in Experimental Research - CORRECT ANSWER-Independent Variable and
Dependent Variable
Independent variable - CORRECT ANSWER-it will cause the DV to change.
Independent Variable - CORRECT ANSWER-Only the experimental group or groups
receives the variable
Variable is manipulated by the experimenter.
Suspected to cause change in DV
Treatments - CORRECT ANSWER-specific conditions associated with each level of the
IV that must have at least 2 levels.
Extraneous Variables - CORRECT ANSWER-effects the dependent variable, but is not
under investigation during the current study.
Must control these variables
Ways to Control Extraneous Variables - CORRECT ANSWER-1)Hold them constant
2)Randomly assign participants to different groups
Experimental Strengths - CORRECT ANSWER-Ability to determine cause and effect
relationships
Experimental Limitations - CORRECT ANSWER-Can not use if you can not manipulate
a variable
Ex) personality research
Tightly controlling extraneous variables does not allow one to generalize findings
