Pathophysiology-NSG-120 Final Exam
study guide 2025/2026.
The nurse is caring for a client with the following ABG's of pH of 7.49, PC02 45 and
HCO3 30. The nurse interprets this as which of the following? - Metabolic alkalosis
The nurse is performing a skin assessment and notes a red area on the client coccyx
that does not blanch but has no broken skin the nurse correctly documents this as
which of the following? - Decubitus pressure ulcer
Which of the following describes:
carbon dioxide levels in the blood increase lowering pH and stimulating the respiratory
center resulting in increased rate and depth of respirations and hyperventilation? -
Hypercapnia
Which of the following would be considered an autoimmune disease? - Rheumatoid
arthritis (RA)
Pernicious anemia
AIDs
The nurse is caring for a client with longstanding Type 2 diabetes which of the following
is a potential long-term complication of the disease? - Diabetic Retinopathy
What is the common warnings of a myocardial infarction? Select all that apply - ·
Feeling of pressure in chest
· Nausea
· Anxiety & Fear
· Diaphoresis (sweating), SOB
Which of the following are the cardinal signs of congestive heart failure? - · Exercise
intolerance and Dysrhythmias
The nurse has a client with heart failure the client would like the nurse to explain what
the diagnosis means. Which of the following responses should the nurse make? - The
heart is unable to pump sufficient blood to meet the metabolic needs of the body
A client with obstructive pulmonary disease COPD presents to the emergency room
with difficulty breathing. The physical examination reveals bluish skin nailbeds and
mucous membranes. Which term correctly describes this condition? - Cyanosis
The nurse is assessing a client and notes wheezing and a cough. The client uses
accessory muscles during breathing. The primary health care provider provides
, bronchodilators and corticosteroids in the form of inhalers. The nurse should recognize
that a client is most likely experiencing which of the following? - Asthma
The nurse is reading a client's history and notes that the client has a history of
leukopenia the nurse interprets this to mean that the client has which of the following? -
Decreased leukocytes
Which of the following is the correct sequence or pathway for blood flow through the
heart? - right atrium -> right ventricle -> pulmonary artery ->lungs ->pulmonary vein->
left atrium-> left ventricle-> aorta
The nurse is teaching a client that diabetes causes a higher risk of developing coronary
artery disease because of which of the following? - Hyperglycemia causes endothelial
degeneration leading to Acura Cirrhosis
A 7-year-old client was recently diagnosed with type one diabetes. The client asked
why I have to have insulin injections? The nurse should explain which of the following? -
Pancreas is not producing insulin
A nurse is admitting a client to the emergency room the client begins to have a seizure
activity including the loss of consciousness and limb jerking. The nurse priority is to do
which of the following? - Protect the client from injury
Which of the following blood tests are used to diagnose diabetes mellitus? -
Hemoglobin A1C
Which neurotransmitter is depleted in client with Parkinson's disease? - Dopamine
Which of the following is the condition where fat containing substances are deposited
on the coronary artery lumens causing it to narrow? - Coronary artery disease
A client has been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis the nurse recognizes that the
client's condition is a result of which of the following? - Autoimmune mediated response
that is caused by the demyelination of the neurons of the brain, spinal cord
Bradykinesia occurring in Parkinson's disease places the client with Parkinson's
disease most at risk for which of the following? - Falls and injury's
A client who is being seen in an outpatient clinic reports a single episode of unilateral
arm and leg weakness and blurred vision that lasted approximately 45 minutes. The
symptoms have completely subsided, and the client is now back to their baseline. The
client most likely experienced which of the following? - TIA (transient ischemic attack)
mini stroke
study guide 2025/2026.
The nurse is caring for a client with the following ABG's of pH of 7.49, PC02 45 and
HCO3 30. The nurse interprets this as which of the following? - Metabolic alkalosis
The nurse is performing a skin assessment and notes a red area on the client coccyx
that does not blanch but has no broken skin the nurse correctly documents this as
which of the following? - Decubitus pressure ulcer
Which of the following describes:
carbon dioxide levels in the blood increase lowering pH and stimulating the respiratory
center resulting in increased rate and depth of respirations and hyperventilation? -
Hypercapnia
Which of the following would be considered an autoimmune disease? - Rheumatoid
arthritis (RA)
Pernicious anemia
AIDs
The nurse is caring for a client with longstanding Type 2 diabetes which of the following
is a potential long-term complication of the disease? - Diabetic Retinopathy
What is the common warnings of a myocardial infarction? Select all that apply - ·
Feeling of pressure in chest
· Nausea
· Anxiety & Fear
· Diaphoresis (sweating), SOB
Which of the following are the cardinal signs of congestive heart failure? - · Exercise
intolerance and Dysrhythmias
The nurse has a client with heart failure the client would like the nurse to explain what
the diagnosis means. Which of the following responses should the nurse make? - The
heart is unable to pump sufficient blood to meet the metabolic needs of the body
A client with obstructive pulmonary disease COPD presents to the emergency room
with difficulty breathing. The physical examination reveals bluish skin nailbeds and
mucous membranes. Which term correctly describes this condition? - Cyanosis
The nurse is assessing a client and notes wheezing and a cough. The client uses
accessory muscles during breathing. The primary health care provider provides
, bronchodilators and corticosteroids in the form of inhalers. The nurse should recognize
that a client is most likely experiencing which of the following? - Asthma
The nurse is reading a client's history and notes that the client has a history of
leukopenia the nurse interprets this to mean that the client has which of the following? -
Decreased leukocytes
Which of the following is the correct sequence or pathway for blood flow through the
heart? - right atrium -> right ventricle -> pulmonary artery ->lungs ->pulmonary vein->
left atrium-> left ventricle-> aorta
The nurse is teaching a client that diabetes causes a higher risk of developing coronary
artery disease because of which of the following? - Hyperglycemia causes endothelial
degeneration leading to Acura Cirrhosis
A 7-year-old client was recently diagnosed with type one diabetes. The client asked
why I have to have insulin injections? The nurse should explain which of the following? -
Pancreas is not producing insulin
A nurse is admitting a client to the emergency room the client begins to have a seizure
activity including the loss of consciousness and limb jerking. The nurse priority is to do
which of the following? - Protect the client from injury
Which of the following blood tests are used to diagnose diabetes mellitus? -
Hemoglobin A1C
Which neurotransmitter is depleted in client with Parkinson's disease? - Dopamine
Which of the following is the condition where fat containing substances are deposited
on the coronary artery lumens causing it to narrow? - Coronary artery disease
A client has been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis the nurse recognizes that the
client's condition is a result of which of the following? - Autoimmune mediated response
that is caused by the demyelination of the neurons of the brain, spinal cord
Bradykinesia occurring in Parkinson's disease places the client with Parkinson's
disease most at risk for which of the following? - Falls and injury's
A client who is being seen in an outpatient clinic reports a single episode of unilateral
arm and leg weakness and blurred vision that lasted approximately 45 minutes. The
symptoms have completely subsided, and the client is now back to their baseline. The
client most likely experienced which of the following? - TIA (transient ischemic attack)
mini stroke
