BIO 141 PSU EXAM 1 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
Homeostasis - Correct Answers -the body's ability to maintain a constant environment,
the body can detect change and respond
Physiology - Correct Answers -mechanisms to maintain homeostasis
Negative Feedback Loop - Correct Answers -body senses change and reacts to negate
or reverse the condition
Positive Feedback Loop - Correct Answers -self-amplifying cycle in which an INITIAL
change leads to a greater change and so on...
Carbohydrates - Correct Answers -functions as energy, structure, cell identity
Triglycerides - Correct Answers -type of lipid, functions as energy storage, insulation,
cushions organs
Phospholipids - Correct Answers -type of lipid, cell membranes
Steriods - Correct Answers -type of less common lipid, cell membranes and hormones
Saturated Fats - Correct Answers -found in meat and dairy products, all single bonds
Unsaturated Fats - Correct Answers -found in plant oil, fish, and avocados, contains
single, double, and triple bonds
Proteins - Correct Answers -polymer of amino acids, functions as structure,
communication,
Amino acids - Correct Answers -20 different types, joined by peptide bonds to make
proteins
Nucleic Acids - Correct Answers -function in energy transport (ATP), hereditary material
(DNA), and protein synthesis (RNA)
Nucleotides - Correct Answers -Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine
Anabolism - Correct Answers -enzymes that make molecules
, Catabolism - Correct Answers -enzymes that break molecules
Transcription - Correct Answers -make a working copy of the gene
Translation - Correct Answers -translate the nucleotides to amino acids
Cytoplasm - Correct Answers -fluid inside the cell
Nucleus - Correct Answers -location of DNA, production from RNA
Endoplasmic Reticulum - Correct Answers -location of translation (protein synthesis)
Golgi Bodies - Correct Answers -stacks of membranes, packages proteins for transport
in membrane bubbles called vesicles
Electrical Gradient - Correct Answers -potassium can diffuse more readily than sodium
Excitatory Response - Correct Answers -depolarization, membrane potential becomes
more positive (closer to zero), movement of sodium into cell, can lead to action potential
Inhibitory Response - Correct Answers -hyperpolarization, becomes more negative,
movement of potassium out of cell
Mitochondria - Correct Answers -production of ATP
Cytoskeleton - Correct Answers -network of proteins in the cytoplasm, function:
structural support, tracks for transport of vesicles and organelles
Plasma Membrane - Correct Answers -made of phospholipids and cholesterol, is
selectively permeable
Passive Transport - Correct Answers -does not require energy
Diffusion - Correct Answers -spontaneous movement of particles from high to low
concentration
Leak Channels - Correct Answers -Channel-mediated, open all the time
Gated Channels - Correct Answers -channel-mediated, open only some times
Facilitated Diffusion - Correct Answers -carrier-mediated, carrier protein moves solute
down concentration gradient, solute must bind, change of protein shape moves solute
Active Transport - Correct Answers -carrier-mediated, requires energy, moves solute up
concentration gradient
AND ANSWERS
Homeostasis - Correct Answers -the body's ability to maintain a constant environment,
the body can detect change and respond
Physiology - Correct Answers -mechanisms to maintain homeostasis
Negative Feedback Loop - Correct Answers -body senses change and reacts to negate
or reverse the condition
Positive Feedback Loop - Correct Answers -self-amplifying cycle in which an INITIAL
change leads to a greater change and so on...
Carbohydrates - Correct Answers -functions as energy, structure, cell identity
Triglycerides - Correct Answers -type of lipid, functions as energy storage, insulation,
cushions organs
Phospholipids - Correct Answers -type of lipid, cell membranes
Steriods - Correct Answers -type of less common lipid, cell membranes and hormones
Saturated Fats - Correct Answers -found in meat and dairy products, all single bonds
Unsaturated Fats - Correct Answers -found in plant oil, fish, and avocados, contains
single, double, and triple bonds
Proteins - Correct Answers -polymer of amino acids, functions as structure,
communication,
Amino acids - Correct Answers -20 different types, joined by peptide bonds to make
proteins
Nucleic Acids - Correct Answers -function in energy transport (ATP), hereditary material
(DNA), and protein synthesis (RNA)
Nucleotides - Correct Answers -Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine
Anabolism - Correct Answers -enzymes that make molecules
, Catabolism - Correct Answers -enzymes that break molecules
Transcription - Correct Answers -make a working copy of the gene
Translation - Correct Answers -translate the nucleotides to amino acids
Cytoplasm - Correct Answers -fluid inside the cell
Nucleus - Correct Answers -location of DNA, production from RNA
Endoplasmic Reticulum - Correct Answers -location of translation (protein synthesis)
Golgi Bodies - Correct Answers -stacks of membranes, packages proteins for transport
in membrane bubbles called vesicles
Electrical Gradient - Correct Answers -potassium can diffuse more readily than sodium
Excitatory Response - Correct Answers -depolarization, membrane potential becomes
more positive (closer to zero), movement of sodium into cell, can lead to action potential
Inhibitory Response - Correct Answers -hyperpolarization, becomes more negative,
movement of potassium out of cell
Mitochondria - Correct Answers -production of ATP
Cytoskeleton - Correct Answers -network of proteins in the cytoplasm, function:
structural support, tracks for transport of vesicles and organelles
Plasma Membrane - Correct Answers -made of phospholipids and cholesterol, is
selectively permeable
Passive Transport - Correct Answers -does not require energy
Diffusion - Correct Answers -spontaneous movement of particles from high to low
concentration
Leak Channels - Correct Answers -Channel-mediated, open all the time
Gated Channels - Correct Answers -channel-mediated, open only some times
Facilitated Diffusion - Correct Answers -carrier-mediated, carrier protein moves solute
down concentration gradient, solute must bind, change of protein shape moves solute
Active Transport - Correct Answers -carrier-mediated, requires energy, moves solute up
concentration gradient
