BIO 141 EXAM 4 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Which is a major function of the capillaries? - Correct Answers -Allow the exchange of
nutrients and respiratory gases between the blood and tissue cells
Colloid osmotic pressure is - Correct Answers -Pressure due to the presence of large
nondiffusible substances such as plasma proteins
What happens to the exchange between capillaries and the interstitial fluid when blood
volume is increased? - Correct Answers -More fluid moves from the capillaries into the
interstitial spaces
How would increased blood pressure affect the exchange between capillaries and the
interstitial fluids? - Correct Answers -More fluid moves from the capillaries into the
interstitial spaces
Within the capillary: Hydrostatic Pressure (HPc) = 37 mm Hg while the Colloid Osmotic
Pressure (OPc) = 27 mm Hg
In the interstitial fluid: Hydrostatic Pressure (HPif) = 1 mm Hg while the Colloid Osmotic
Pressure (OPif) = 2 mm Hg.
What is the net hydrostatic pressure?
What is the net colloid osmotic pressure?
What is the net filtration pressure (NFP)?
Does fluid move into or out of the capillary?
For full credit, show all your calculations. - Correct Answers -Consult Focus Figure 19.1,
p 733
In most cases arteries carry oxygenated blood. Which arteries in the body are the only
arteries to carry deoxygenated blood? - Correct Answers -The pulmonary arteries
The heart pumps blood throughout the body, supplying the tissues with oxygen and
nutrients. What blood vessels provide the heart tissue (myocardium) itself with oxygen
and nutrients directly? - Correct Answers -The right and left coronary arteries
Freshly oxygenated blood from the lungs is first received by the - Correct Answers -Left
atrium
,The P wave of a normal electrocardiogram (ECG) indicates - Correct Answers -
Ventricular repolarization
Impulses through the intrinsic conduction system of the heart follow the path: - Correct
Answers -Sinoatrial(SA)node, Atrioventricular(AV)node, Atrioventricular (AV) bundle,
bundle branches, Purkinje fibers
Which term below describes ventricles at their fullest volume? - Correct Answers -End
diastolic volume (EDV)
Ventricular depolarization coincides in time with the - Correct Answers -QRS wave
The isovolumetric contraction phase - Correct Answers -Occurs during ventricular
systole before the semilunar (SL) valves open
Which occurs first after the QRS complex occurs? - Correct Answers -The
atrioventricular(AV)valves close
Which statement about the intrinsic cardiac conduction system is wrong? - Correct
Answers -Normally the sinoatrial node depolarizes spontaneously at a rate of 50 times
per minute
The "dub" sound (or second heart sound) of the heart is caused by - Correct Answers -
The closing of the semilunar (SL) valves
The semilunar (SL) valves prevent blood from flowing backwards into the - Correct
Answers -ventricles
Systole and diastole refer to - Correct Answers -Contraction of the heart muscle and
relaxation of the heart muscle
According to the Frank-Starling law of the heart, when the volume of venous return
increases - Correct Answers -The force of heart contraction increases
When increased atrial filling initiates the atrial (Bainbridge) reflex, what happens to heart
rate and force of contraction? - Correct Answers -Increased heart rate; Increased force
of contraction
Assuming all other variables remain constant, what happens to arterial pressure when
the cardiac output increases? - Correct Answers -Arterial pressure decreases
Assuming all other variables remain constant, what happens to arterial pressure when
the heart rate increases? - Correct Answers -Arterial pressure increases
Which statement is wrong? - Correct Answers -Vascular shock can be caused by
hemorrhaging and treated with vasodilatory therapy
, Which is not associated with congestive heart failure? - Correct Answers -Mitral valve
prolapse
There are various short-term mechanisms controlling blood pressure. Which
mechanism is not associated with the nervous system controls? - Correct Answers -The
renin-angiotensin mechanism
When blood pressure drops, what occurs to increase blood pressure? - Correct
Answers -Arterioles vasoconstrict
Which acts to increase blood pressure? - Correct Answers -Renin and angiotensin
Which of the following is involved in long-term regulation of blood pressure? - Correct
Answers -The direct renal mechanism of kidney filtration
Name these and trace their pathways through major vessels and the chambers of the
heart. Be specific.
How are these pathways related to their different functions? - Correct Answers -The two
circuits are the systemic (oxygen-rich, CO2-poor blood) circuit and the pulmonary
(oxygen-poor, CO2-rich blood) circuit.
The pulmonary circuit pathway is:
SVC/IVC --> right atrium --> right ventricle --> pulmonary trunk --> lungs -- > pulmonary
capillaries --> heart
The systemic circuit pathway is:
four pulmonary veins --> left atrium --> left ventricle --> aorta --> body --> systemic
capillaries
The pulmonary and systemic circuits both bring blood to the tissues in the entire body.
Erythropoiesis or red blood cell production - Correct Answers -Is stimulated after severe
hemorrhaging occurs
Which blood type is considered the "universal donor"? This blood type has no red blood
cell agglutinogens (antibodies). - Correct Answers -Type O
When could hemolytic disease of the newborn (erythroblastosis fetalis) possibly occur in
a pregnant Rh negative woman? - Correct Answers -If the child is Rh positive
A patient is admitted to the hospital with heart failure. He complains of increasing
shortness of breath upon exertion and has only been able to sleep when his head is
elevated on three pillows. Examination reveals that his ankles and feet are very swollen.
(5 extra credit points)
Which of these symptoms would reflect left-sided heart failure? Explain also why these
symptoms occur.
Which of these symptoms would reflect right-sided heart failure? Explain also why these
symptoms occur. - Correct Answers -The symptoms that could reflect in left-side heart
ANSWERS
Which is a major function of the capillaries? - Correct Answers -Allow the exchange of
nutrients and respiratory gases between the blood and tissue cells
Colloid osmotic pressure is - Correct Answers -Pressure due to the presence of large
nondiffusible substances such as plasma proteins
What happens to the exchange between capillaries and the interstitial fluid when blood
volume is increased? - Correct Answers -More fluid moves from the capillaries into the
interstitial spaces
How would increased blood pressure affect the exchange between capillaries and the
interstitial fluids? - Correct Answers -More fluid moves from the capillaries into the
interstitial spaces
Within the capillary: Hydrostatic Pressure (HPc) = 37 mm Hg while the Colloid Osmotic
Pressure (OPc) = 27 mm Hg
In the interstitial fluid: Hydrostatic Pressure (HPif) = 1 mm Hg while the Colloid Osmotic
Pressure (OPif) = 2 mm Hg.
What is the net hydrostatic pressure?
What is the net colloid osmotic pressure?
What is the net filtration pressure (NFP)?
Does fluid move into or out of the capillary?
For full credit, show all your calculations. - Correct Answers -Consult Focus Figure 19.1,
p 733
In most cases arteries carry oxygenated blood. Which arteries in the body are the only
arteries to carry deoxygenated blood? - Correct Answers -The pulmonary arteries
The heart pumps blood throughout the body, supplying the tissues with oxygen and
nutrients. What blood vessels provide the heart tissue (myocardium) itself with oxygen
and nutrients directly? - Correct Answers -The right and left coronary arteries
Freshly oxygenated blood from the lungs is first received by the - Correct Answers -Left
atrium
,The P wave of a normal electrocardiogram (ECG) indicates - Correct Answers -
Ventricular repolarization
Impulses through the intrinsic conduction system of the heart follow the path: - Correct
Answers -Sinoatrial(SA)node, Atrioventricular(AV)node, Atrioventricular (AV) bundle,
bundle branches, Purkinje fibers
Which term below describes ventricles at their fullest volume? - Correct Answers -End
diastolic volume (EDV)
Ventricular depolarization coincides in time with the - Correct Answers -QRS wave
The isovolumetric contraction phase - Correct Answers -Occurs during ventricular
systole before the semilunar (SL) valves open
Which occurs first after the QRS complex occurs? - Correct Answers -The
atrioventricular(AV)valves close
Which statement about the intrinsic cardiac conduction system is wrong? - Correct
Answers -Normally the sinoatrial node depolarizes spontaneously at a rate of 50 times
per minute
The "dub" sound (or second heart sound) of the heart is caused by - Correct Answers -
The closing of the semilunar (SL) valves
The semilunar (SL) valves prevent blood from flowing backwards into the - Correct
Answers -ventricles
Systole and diastole refer to - Correct Answers -Contraction of the heart muscle and
relaxation of the heart muscle
According to the Frank-Starling law of the heart, when the volume of venous return
increases - Correct Answers -The force of heart contraction increases
When increased atrial filling initiates the atrial (Bainbridge) reflex, what happens to heart
rate and force of contraction? - Correct Answers -Increased heart rate; Increased force
of contraction
Assuming all other variables remain constant, what happens to arterial pressure when
the cardiac output increases? - Correct Answers -Arterial pressure decreases
Assuming all other variables remain constant, what happens to arterial pressure when
the heart rate increases? - Correct Answers -Arterial pressure increases
Which statement is wrong? - Correct Answers -Vascular shock can be caused by
hemorrhaging and treated with vasodilatory therapy
, Which is not associated with congestive heart failure? - Correct Answers -Mitral valve
prolapse
There are various short-term mechanisms controlling blood pressure. Which
mechanism is not associated with the nervous system controls? - Correct Answers -The
renin-angiotensin mechanism
When blood pressure drops, what occurs to increase blood pressure? - Correct
Answers -Arterioles vasoconstrict
Which acts to increase blood pressure? - Correct Answers -Renin and angiotensin
Which of the following is involved in long-term regulation of blood pressure? - Correct
Answers -The direct renal mechanism of kidney filtration
Name these and trace their pathways through major vessels and the chambers of the
heart. Be specific.
How are these pathways related to their different functions? - Correct Answers -The two
circuits are the systemic (oxygen-rich, CO2-poor blood) circuit and the pulmonary
(oxygen-poor, CO2-rich blood) circuit.
The pulmonary circuit pathway is:
SVC/IVC --> right atrium --> right ventricle --> pulmonary trunk --> lungs -- > pulmonary
capillaries --> heart
The systemic circuit pathway is:
four pulmonary veins --> left atrium --> left ventricle --> aorta --> body --> systemic
capillaries
The pulmonary and systemic circuits both bring blood to the tissues in the entire body.
Erythropoiesis or red blood cell production - Correct Answers -Is stimulated after severe
hemorrhaging occurs
Which blood type is considered the "universal donor"? This blood type has no red blood
cell agglutinogens (antibodies). - Correct Answers -Type O
When could hemolytic disease of the newborn (erythroblastosis fetalis) possibly occur in
a pregnant Rh negative woman? - Correct Answers -If the child is Rh positive
A patient is admitted to the hospital with heart failure. He complains of increasing
shortness of breath upon exertion and has only been able to sleep when his head is
elevated on three pillows. Examination reveals that his ankles and feet are very swollen.
(5 extra credit points)
Which of these symptoms would reflect left-sided heart failure? Explain also why these
symptoms occur.
Which of these symptoms would reflect right-sided heart failure? Explain also why these
symptoms occur. - Correct Answers -The symptoms that could reflect in left-side heart
