BIO 141 EXAM 1 STUDY QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
What are the four most common elements? - Correct Answers -Hydrogen, oxygen,
carbon, nitrogen
What is the difference between and atom and a molecule? - Correct Answers -An atom
is composed of subatomic particles and the smallest unit of an element
A molecule is 2 or more atoms combing to form a distinctive particle
What does it mean that water is polar? - Correct Answers -There is an uneven
distribution of electrical density
Partial (-) charge near oxygen atom and (+) charge near hydrogen atom
What are the bonds that are reorganized when water changes from gas to liquid? -
Correct Answers -Hydrogen Bonds
What is the definition of an electrolyte? - Correct Answers -Substances that release ions
in water
What happens to red blood cells when dropped in a solution that is hypotonic? What
about if the solution is hypertonic? - Correct Answers -Hypertonic solution will make the
cells shrink and hypotonic will make the cells swell
What is an isotonic solution? - Correct Answers -Has the same concentration as the cell
H2O moves equally in and out of the cell
Cell unchanged
What is osmosis? - Correct Answers -Movement of water across a selectively
permeable membrane
What is pH a measure of? - Correct Answers -H+ concentration in solution
What is the definition of an acid? What pH values are acidic? - Correct Answers -
Substances that ionizes water to release hydrogen ions
Acidic pH values are 0-6
, In a solution containing a buffer that is a pH 7.4. What would happen if you add a few
drops of base? - Correct Answers -It would stay the same because a buffer is present in
the solution
What feature defines all carbohydrates? - Correct Answers -Sugars
How are glucose and glycogen related? Which is a monosaccharide and a
polysaccharide? - Correct Answers -Glucose makes up glycogen. Glucose is a
monosaccharide and glycogen is a polysaccharide.
How are monosaccharides and polysaccharides related? - Correct Answers -
Monosaccharides are made up of simple sugars and polysaccharides are larger, longer
chains of those simple sugars.
What is on characteristic of all lipids? - Correct Answers -They are insoluble
3 differences between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids - Correct Answers -1.
Saturated fatty acids have a single carbon-carbon bond that link all the carbon atoms:
Unsaturated fatty acids have 1 more double bond more than between carbon atoms
2. Saturated: Solid (EXAMPLE: ANIMAL FAT)
Unsaturated: Liquid (EXAMPLE: OIL)
3. Rigid molecule: saturated
Kinked molecule: unsaturated
What is a triglyceride? - Correct Answers -A lipid composed of 3 fatty acids and a
glycerol molecule
The bodies most common lipid, stored in fat tissue as energy supply.
Insulation beneath the skin.
What is the function of phospholipid? - Correct Answers -Form membrane that surround
cell and intracellular organelles like the mitochondria.
Membrane is fluid, semi-permeable bilayer that separates cells contents from the
environment.
What are proteins composed of? - Correct Answers -Amino acids
What is simply knowing the sequence of amino acids not sufficient to understanding the
activity of a protein? - Correct Answers -The structure determines the function. If the
shape is formed a certain way it could potentially not work.
AND ANSWERS
What are the four most common elements? - Correct Answers -Hydrogen, oxygen,
carbon, nitrogen
What is the difference between and atom and a molecule? - Correct Answers -An atom
is composed of subatomic particles and the smallest unit of an element
A molecule is 2 or more atoms combing to form a distinctive particle
What does it mean that water is polar? - Correct Answers -There is an uneven
distribution of electrical density
Partial (-) charge near oxygen atom and (+) charge near hydrogen atom
What are the bonds that are reorganized when water changes from gas to liquid? -
Correct Answers -Hydrogen Bonds
What is the definition of an electrolyte? - Correct Answers -Substances that release ions
in water
What happens to red blood cells when dropped in a solution that is hypotonic? What
about if the solution is hypertonic? - Correct Answers -Hypertonic solution will make the
cells shrink and hypotonic will make the cells swell
What is an isotonic solution? - Correct Answers -Has the same concentration as the cell
H2O moves equally in and out of the cell
Cell unchanged
What is osmosis? - Correct Answers -Movement of water across a selectively
permeable membrane
What is pH a measure of? - Correct Answers -H+ concentration in solution
What is the definition of an acid? What pH values are acidic? - Correct Answers -
Substances that ionizes water to release hydrogen ions
Acidic pH values are 0-6
, In a solution containing a buffer that is a pH 7.4. What would happen if you add a few
drops of base? - Correct Answers -It would stay the same because a buffer is present in
the solution
What feature defines all carbohydrates? - Correct Answers -Sugars
How are glucose and glycogen related? Which is a monosaccharide and a
polysaccharide? - Correct Answers -Glucose makes up glycogen. Glucose is a
monosaccharide and glycogen is a polysaccharide.
How are monosaccharides and polysaccharides related? - Correct Answers -
Monosaccharides are made up of simple sugars and polysaccharides are larger, longer
chains of those simple sugars.
What is on characteristic of all lipids? - Correct Answers -They are insoluble
3 differences between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids - Correct Answers -1.
Saturated fatty acids have a single carbon-carbon bond that link all the carbon atoms:
Unsaturated fatty acids have 1 more double bond more than between carbon atoms
2. Saturated: Solid (EXAMPLE: ANIMAL FAT)
Unsaturated: Liquid (EXAMPLE: OIL)
3. Rigid molecule: saturated
Kinked molecule: unsaturated
What is a triglyceride? - Correct Answers -A lipid composed of 3 fatty acids and a
glycerol molecule
The bodies most common lipid, stored in fat tissue as energy supply.
Insulation beneath the skin.
What is the function of phospholipid? - Correct Answers -Form membrane that surround
cell and intracellular organelles like the mitochondria.
Membrane is fluid, semi-permeable bilayer that separates cells contents from the
environment.
What are proteins composed of? - Correct Answers -Amino acids
What is simply knowing the sequence of amino acids not sufficient to understanding the
activity of a protein? - Correct Answers -The structure determines the function. If the
shape is formed a certain way it could potentially not work.
