BIO 141 EXAM 1 NVCC QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
Histology - Correct Answers -Study of Tissues
Every tissue has ____ and is surrounded by ____ - Correct Answers -cells, extra
cellular matrix
What are the 4 types of tissue - Correct Answers -epithelial, connective, muscle,
nervous
What are the two parts of the extra cellular matrix - Correct Answers -Protein Fibers,
Ground substance
What is ground substance made up of? - Correct Answers -Water, ions, minerals, GAGs
(with a negative charge to attract water), proteoglycans. The size of the
gag/proteoglycan structure determines the thickness of ECM.
What are the 3 protein fibers in the extra cellular matrix and their properties? - Correct
Answers -Collagen- steel like wires, prevents stretching
Elastic- stretchy and has elastin
reticular- like collagen but nets and webs to hold in place
What are the cells in different tissues joined together by? - Correct Answers -Cell
junctions
What are the 3 types of cell junctions? - Correct Answers -Tight junctions- impermeable
Desmosomes- anchor together to increase strength
Gap junctions- allow small substances to pass through
What is epithelial tissue? - Correct Answers -a sheet of cells that covers a body surface
or lines a body cavity
What cell junctions are epithelial tissues joined by? - Correct Answers -Tight junctions
and desmosomes
What is a characteristic of epithelial tissue? - Correct Answers -It is avascular. It's
extracellular matrix is confined to the basal lamina.
, What are the types of epithelial tissues? - Correct Answers -Simple, stratified, glands
What is a simple epithelial tissue? - Correct Answers -Single layer of cells
What are the types of simple epithelial tissue? - Correct Answers -simple squamous-
found in alveoli,
simple cuboidal- found in kidney tubules,
simple columnar- found in digestive tract,
pseudostratified columnar- nasal passages, upper resp tract
What are the two ways substances cross simple epithelial tissues? - Correct Answers -
Paracelllular transport- leaking through (less common because cuboidal and columnar
are too thick)
Transcellular- Pass through the phospholipid bylayer of cells, through the cytoplasm,
and out the other end.
What are stratified epithelial tissues? - Correct Answers -Multiple layers of cells
What are the types of stratified epithelial tissues? - Correct Answers -Stratified
squamous- can be keratonized (skin=hard) or non keratonized (buccal cavity, lips,
vagina, under tongue)
Stratigied cuboidal (rare)
Stratified columnar (rare)
Transitional- found in bladder, dome outer layer that stretches when full
What are glands? - Correct Answers -organs that secrete hormones
What are the two types of glands? - Correct Answers -Exocrine and endocrine
What do Exocrine glands do? - Correct Answers -Release product through a duct on
epithelial surface, usually only has local action. Can be unicellular or multicellular.
Unicellular are like goblet cells.
What do endocrine glands do? - Correct Answers -Secrete hormones into the
bloodstream
What are the ways that exocrine glands release products? - Correct Answers -
Remember these are different from endocrine glands!
Merocrine- using exocytosis
Holocrine- when the cell dies, the hormones in the cytolplasm are released
Apocrine- Part of the cytolplasm pinches off
What is connective tissue? - Correct Answers -Framework of the body, providing
support and structure for the organs.
AND ANSWERS
Histology - Correct Answers -Study of Tissues
Every tissue has ____ and is surrounded by ____ - Correct Answers -cells, extra
cellular matrix
What are the 4 types of tissue - Correct Answers -epithelial, connective, muscle,
nervous
What are the two parts of the extra cellular matrix - Correct Answers -Protein Fibers,
Ground substance
What is ground substance made up of? - Correct Answers -Water, ions, minerals, GAGs
(with a negative charge to attract water), proteoglycans. The size of the
gag/proteoglycan structure determines the thickness of ECM.
What are the 3 protein fibers in the extra cellular matrix and their properties? - Correct
Answers -Collagen- steel like wires, prevents stretching
Elastic- stretchy and has elastin
reticular- like collagen but nets and webs to hold in place
What are the cells in different tissues joined together by? - Correct Answers -Cell
junctions
What are the 3 types of cell junctions? - Correct Answers -Tight junctions- impermeable
Desmosomes- anchor together to increase strength
Gap junctions- allow small substances to pass through
What is epithelial tissue? - Correct Answers -a sheet of cells that covers a body surface
or lines a body cavity
What cell junctions are epithelial tissues joined by? - Correct Answers -Tight junctions
and desmosomes
What is a characteristic of epithelial tissue? - Correct Answers -It is avascular. It's
extracellular matrix is confined to the basal lamina.
, What are the types of epithelial tissues? - Correct Answers -Simple, stratified, glands
What is a simple epithelial tissue? - Correct Answers -Single layer of cells
What are the types of simple epithelial tissue? - Correct Answers -simple squamous-
found in alveoli,
simple cuboidal- found in kidney tubules,
simple columnar- found in digestive tract,
pseudostratified columnar- nasal passages, upper resp tract
What are the two ways substances cross simple epithelial tissues? - Correct Answers -
Paracelllular transport- leaking through (less common because cuboidal and columnar
are too thick)
Transcellular- Pass through the phospholipid bylayer of cells, through the cytoplasm,
and out the other end.
What are stratified epithelial tissues? - Correct Answers -Multiple layers of cells
What are the types of stratified epithelial tissues? - Correct Answers -Stratified
squamous- can be keratonized (skin=hard) or non keratonized (buccal cavity, lips,
vagina, under tongue)
Stratigied cuboidal (rare)
Stratified columnar (rare)
Transitional- found in bladder, dome outer layer that stretches when full
What are glands? - Correct Answers -organs that secrete hormones
What are the two types of glands? - Correct Answers -Exocrine and endocrine
What do Exocrine glands do? - Correct Answers -Release product through a duct on
epithelial surface, usually only has local action. Can be unicellular or multicellular.
Unicellular are like goblet cells.
What do endocrine glands do? - Correct Answers -Secrete hormones into the
bloodstream
What are the ways that exocrine glands release products? - Correct Answers -
Remember these are different from endocrine glands!
Merocrine- using exocytosis
Holocrine- when the cell dies, the hormones in the cytolplasm are released
Apocrine- Part of the cytolplasm pinches off
What is connective tissue? - Correct Answers -Framework of the body, providing
support and structure for the organs.
