BIO 141 EXAM - CHAPTER 12-14
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What are the three functions of the nervous system? - Correct Answers -• Collect
information
• Processes and evaluates information
• Initiate response to information
What is meant by the term "effector"? List the two types of effectors. - Correct Answers -
Brain and spinal send motor output via nerves to effectors
• Muscle
• Glands
List the two structural/anatomic divisions of the nervous system, and describe the
component of each. - Correct Answers -• Central nervous system (CNS) = brain &
spinal cord
• Peripheral nervous system (PNS) = nerves and ganglia
List the two functional divisions of the nervous system. - Correct Answers -• Sensory
nervous system
• Motor nervous system
What are the two sub-divisions of the sensory nervous system? - Correct Answers -•
Somatic sensory
• Visceral sensory
What are the two sub-divisions of the motor nervous system? What are their effectors? -
Correct Answers -• Somatic motor - skeletal muscles
• Autonomic motor - cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands.
List the five characteristics of neurons. - Correct Answers -• Excitability
• Conductivity
• Secretion
• Extreme longevity
• Amitotic
List the four structural types of neuron. - Correct Answers -• Multipolar neurons
• Bipolar
• Unipolar
• Anaxonic neurons
, List the three functional neuron classifications. Where are interneurons found? - Correct
Answers -• Sensory neurons
• Motor neurons
• Interneurons
> Located within the CNS only
List the three types of nerve connective tissue wrapping (and compare to the muscle
equivalents). - Correct Answers -• Epineurium: encloses entire nerve
• Perineurium: wraps fascicle (a bundle of axons in nerve)
• Endoneurium: wraps an individual axon
List the two structural and three functional nerve classifications. What is a ganglion? -
Correct Answers -• Sensory nerves contain only sensory neurons sending signals to
CNS
• Motor nerves contain only motor neurons sending signals from CNS
• Mixed nerves contain both sensory and motor neurons
• Ganglion = collection of cell bodies in the PNS
List and briefly describe the four types of CNS glial cells. - Correct Answers -•
Astrocytes - most abundant CNS glial cell
• Microglia - small cells that wants in the CNS and act as the brain phagocytic cells of
immune system
• Ependymal cells - Line the cavities in the brain (ventricles) and the spinal cords
• Oligodendrocytes - Wrap around axons of neurons forming myelin sheath.
List and briefly describe the two type of PNS glial cell. - Correct Answers -• Satellite
cells - Electrically insulate and regulate the exchange of nutrients and wastes.
• Neurolemmocytes - Allow for faster action potential propagation.
What is the blood brain barrier and why is it important? - Correct Answers -The barrier
controls which substances have access to the brain.
What is myelination, and which glial cells are responsible? - Correct Answers -
Myelination: process of wrapping an axon with myelin to create a "sheath".
Neurolemmocytes in PNS
Briefly describe salutatory conduction. - Correct Answers -Saltatory conduction occurs
on myelinated axons.
Saltatory conduction is much faster than continuous conduction and myelinated cells
use less ATP to maintain resting membrane potential.
List and describe the two groups of nerve fibers in terms of conduction velocity. -
Correct Answers -• Group A: conduction velocity as fast as 150 m/sec
> Large diameter, myelinated fibers.
•Group B: conducts at 15 m/sec; Group C 1 m/sec
> Small diameter and/or unmyelinated
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What are the three functions of the nervous system? - Correct Answers -• Collect
information
• Processes and evaluates information
• Initiate response to information
What is meant by the term "effector"? List the two types of effectors. - Correct Answers -
Brain and spinal send motor output via nerves to effectors
• Muscle
• Glands
List the two structural/anatomic divisions of the nervous system, and describe the
component of each. - Correct Answers -• Central nervous system (CNS) = brain &
spinal cord
• Peripheral nervous system (PNS) = nerves and ganglia
List the two functional divisions of the nervous system. - Correct Answers -• Sensory
nervous system
• Motor nervous system
What are the two sub-divisions of the sensory nervous system? - Correct Answers -•
Somatic sensory
• Visceral sensory
What are the two sub-divisions of the motor nervous system? What are their effectors? -
Correct Answers -• Somatic motor - skeletal muscles
• Autonomic motor - cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands.
List the five characteristics of neurons. - Correct Answers -• Excitability
• Conductivity
• Secretion
• Extreme longevity
• Amitotic
List the four structural types of neuron. - Correct Answers -• Multipolar neurons
• Bipolar
• Unipolar
• Anaxonic neurons
, List the three functional neuron classifications. Where are interneurons found? - Correct
Answers -• Sensory neurons
• Motor neurons
• Interneurons
> Located within the CNS only
List the three types of nerve connective tissue wrapping (and compare to the muscle
equivalents). - Correct Answers -• Epineurium: encloses entire nerve
• Perineurium: wraps fascicle (a bundle of axons in nerve)
• Endoneurium: wraps an individual axon
List the two structural and three functional nerve classifications. What is a ganglion? -
Correct Answers -• Sensory nerves contain only sensory neurons sending signals to
CNS
• Motor nerves contain only motor neurons sending signals from CNS
• Mixed nerves contain both sensory and motor neurons
• Ganglion = collection of cell bodies in the PNS
List and briefly describe the four types of CNS glial cells. - Correct Answers -•
Astrocytes - most abundant CNS glial cell
• Microglia - small cells that wants in the CNS and act as the brain phagocytic cells of
immune system
• Ependymal cells - Line the cavities in the brain (ventricles) and the spinal cords
• Oligodendrocytes - Wrap around axons of neurons forming myelin sheath.
List and briefly describe the two type of PNS glial cell. - Correct Answers -• Satellite
cells - Electrically insulate and regulate the exchange of nutrients and wastes.
• Neurolemmocytes - Allow for faster action potential propagation.
What is the blood brain barrier and why is it important? - Correct Answers -The barrier
controls which substances have access to the brain.
What is myelination, and which glial cells are responsible? - Correct Answers -
Myelination: process of wrapping an axon with myelin to create a "sheath".
Neurolemmocytes in PNS
Briefly describe salutatory conduction. - Correct Answers -Saltatory conduction occurs
on myelinated axons.
Saltatory conduction is much faster than continuous conduction and myelinated cells
use less ATP to maintain resting membrane potential.
List and describe the two groups of nerve fibers in terms of conduction velocity. -
Correct Answers -• Group A: conduction velocity as fast as 150 m/sec
> Large diameter, myelinated fibers.
•Group B: conducts at 15 m/sec; Group C 1 m/sec
> Small diameter and/or unmyelinated
