ITLS Exam Preparation UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
Answers
1. What is a Scene Observations made and actions taken at a trauma scene before actually approach-
Size-Up? ing the patient. It is the initial step in the ITLS Primary Survey
2. What does Other Potentially Infectious Material
"OPIM" stand
for?
3. What equipment -PPE (Personal Protection Equipment)
should you al- -Patient transport device (stretcher, long spine board, and so on) with effective
ways take with strapping and head motion-restriction device
you for trauma -Rigid cervical extrication collar of an appropriate size
patients? -Oxygen and airway equipment, which should include suction equipment and a
BVM (Bag-Valve Mask)
-Trauma box (bandage material, hemostatic agent, tourniquet, blood pressure
cuff, stethoscope)
4. What are some of -Cervical-spine fracture
the potential in- -Flail chest
jury patterns for -Myocardial contusion
a mechanism of -Pneumothorax
Injury of frontal -Aortic disruption
impact? (Name 8) -Spleen or liver laceration
-Posterior hip dislocation
-Knee dislocation
5. What are some -Contralateral neck sprain
of the poten- -Cervical-spine fracture
tial injury pat- -Lateral flail chest
terns for a mech- -Pneumothorax
anism of lateral -Aortic disruption
impact (T-bone)? -Diaphragmatic rupture
(Name 8)
, -Laceration of liver, kidney or spleen
-Pelvic fracture
6. What are poten- Exposure to all mechanisms (and mortality increased)
tial injury pat-
terns for a mech-
anism of ejec-
tion?
7. What are some -Head injury
of the poten- -Aortic disruption
tial injury pat- -Abdominal visceral injuries
terns for a mech- -Fracture pelvis and lower extremities
anism of Injury
of pedestrian vs.
car? (Name 4)
8. What is "index of The medical provider's estimate of a disease or injury being present in a patient.
suspicion"? A high index of suspicion means there is a high probability the injury is present.
A low index of suspicion means there is a low risk of the injury.
9. List the two ba- Blunt and penetrating
sic mechanisms
of motion injury
10. Identify the three 1. Machine collision
collisions associ- 2. Body collision
ated with a mo- 3. Organ collision resulting in rupture, shearing, or bruising
tor-vehicle colli-
sion (MVC)
11. 1. Frontal-impact (head-on collision)
2. Lateral-impact (T-bone collision)
, Name the five 3. Rear-impact collision
common forms 4. Rollover collision
of MVCs 5. Rotational collision
12. Using the three Machine collision = Deformed front end
collisions associ- Body collision = Spider-web pattern of windshield
ated with a MVC, Organ collision = Coup/contracoup brain, soft-tissue injury (scalp, face, neck),
relate at least hyperextension/flexion of the cervical spine
three frontal-im-
pact collisions to Machine collision = Deformed front end
potential patient Body collision = Steering wheel ring fracture, deformity and column displace-
injuries to defor- ment
mity of the vehi- Organ collision = Traumatic tattooing of patient's skin
cle, interior struc-
Machine collision = Deformity of vehicle
tures and body
Body collision = Dashboard fracture and deformity
structures.
Organ collision = Facial trauma, coup/contracoup brain, hyperextension/flexion
of the cervical spine, pelvis, hip and knee trauma
13. Using the three Machine collision = Deformed driver or passenger side
collisions associ- Body collision = Degree of door deformity (ex: armrest bent, outward or inward
ated with a MVC, bowing of door)
relate at least Organ collision = This cannot be predicted by external exam alone. Instead,
three lateral-im- consider organs beneath areas of external injury:
pact collisions to -Head = Coup/contracoup
potential patient -Neck = Ranging from cervical-muscle strain to fracture or subluxation with neu-
injuries to defor- rologic deficit
mity of the vehi- -Upper arm and shoulder = Injuries appear on the side of the impact and are
cle, interior struc- common, as are injuries to the lower extremities
tures and body -Thorax/abdomen = Injuries from soft-tissue injuries to flail chest, lung contusion,
structures. pneumothorax, hemothorax, or possible traumatic aortic dissection. Injuries in-
clude those to solid and hollow organs
, -Pelvis/legs = Pelvic, hip or femur fractures. Pelvic injuries may also include
dislocation, bladder rupture and urethral injuries
14. Describe poten- Proper use of seat restraint = Facial, head or neck injuries such as fractures,
tial injuries asso- dislocations or spinal-cord injuries; Clavicle fractures (at the point where the chest
ciated with prop- strap crosses) and chest-wall injuries; Internal organ damage
er and improp-
er use of seat Improper use of seat restraint = Abdominal or lumbar spine injury; No restraint
restraints, head- could possibly lead to ejection of vehicle
rest and air bags
Improper use of headrest = (second impact) Hyperextension of the cervical spine
in a head-on col-
lision
Proper use of air bags = Injuries from a second impact after deflation can lead
to striking the steering wheel leading to internal injuries (thus, check under the
deflated air bag for mechanical deformity; Leg, pelvis or abdominal injuries;
Abrasions from the nylon bag, corneal abrasions and superficial burns on arms
in the vicinity of the airbag vents
15. Describe at least -Hyperextension of the cervical spine (if headrest too low)
two potential -lumbar-spine injury (if the seat breaks and falls backwards)
injuries from
rear-end colli- *Rapid forward deceleration can occur from striking something in front after
sions being struck from behind, thus leading to front impact injuries.
16. How many more 25
times is a per-
son likely to die
if they are eject-
ed from a vehi-
cle during an ac-
cident?
17.
Answers
1. What is a Scene Observations made and actions taken at a trauma scene before actually approach-
Size-Up? ing the patient. It is the initial step in the ITLS Primary Survey
2. What does Other Potentially Infectious Material
"OPIM" stand
for?
3. What equipment -PPE (Personal Protection Equipment)
should you al- -Patient transport device (stretcher, long spine board, and so on) with effective
ways take with strapping and head motion-restriction device
you for trauma -Rigid cervical extrication collar of an appropriate size
patients? -Oxygen and airway equipment, which should include suction equipment and a
BVM (Bag-Valve Mask)
-Trauma box (bandage material, hemostatic agent, tourniquet, blood pressure
cuff, stethoscope)
4. What are some of -Cervical-spine fracture
the potential in- -Flail chest
jury patterns for -Myocardial contusion
a mechanism of -Pneumothorax
Injury of frontal -Aortic disruption
impact? (Name 8) -Spleen or liver laceration
-Posterior hip dislocation
-Knee dislocation
5. What are some -Contralateral neck sprain
of the poten- -Cervical-spine fracture
tial injury pat- -Lateral flail chest
terns for a mech- -Pneumothorax
anism of lateral -Aortic disruption
impact (T-bone)? -Diaphragmatic rupture
(Name 8)
, -Laceration of liver, kidney or spleen
-Pelvic fracture
6. What are poten- Exposure to all mechanisms (and mortality increased)
tial injury pat-
terns for a mech-
anism of ejec-
tion?
7. What are some -Head injury
of the poten- -Aortic disruption
tial injury pat- -Abdominal visceral injuries
terns for a mech- -Fracture pelvis and lower extremities
anism of Injury
of pedestrian vs.
car? (Name 4)
8. What is "index of The medical provider's estimate of a disease or injury being present in a patient.
suspicion"? A high index of suspicion means there is a high probability the injury is present.
A low index of suspicion means there is a low risk of the injury.
9. List the two ba- Blunt and penetrating
sic mechanisms
of motion injury
10. Identify the three 1. Machine collision
collisions associ- 2. Body collision
ated with a mo- 3. Organ collision resulting in rupture, shearing, or bruising
tor-vehicle colli-
sion (MVC)
11. 1. Frontal-impact (head-on collision)
2. Lateral-impact (T-bone collision)
, Name the five 3. Rear-impact collision
common forms 4. Rollover collision
of MVCs 5. Rotational collision
12. Using the three Machine collision = Deformed front end
collisions associ- Body collision = Spider-web pattern of windshield
ated with a MVC, Organ collision = Coup/contracoup brain, soft-tissue injury (scalp, face, neck),
relate at least hyperextension/flexion of the cervical spine
three frontal-im-
pact collisions to Machine collision = Deformed front end
potential patient Body collision = Steering wheel ring fracture, deformity and column displace-
injuries to defor- ment
mity of the vehi- Organ collision = Traumatic tattooing of patient's skin
cle, interior struc-
Machine collision = Deformity of vehicle
tures and body
Body collision = Dashboard fracture and deformity
structures.
Organ collision = Facial trauma, coup/contracoup brain, hyperextension/flexion
of the cervical spine, pelvis, hip and knee trauma
13. Using the three Machine collision = Deformed driver or passenger side
collisions associ- Body collision = Degree of door deformity (ex: armrest bent, outward or inward
ated with a MVC, bowing of door)
relate at least Organ collision = This cannot be predicted by external exam alone. Instead,
three lateral-im- consider organs beneath areas of external injury:
pact collisions to -Head = Coup/contracoup
potential patient -Neck = Ranging from cervical-muscle strain to fracture or subluxation with neu-
injuries to defor- rologic deficit
mity of the vehi- -Upper arm and shoulder = Injuries appear on the side of the impact and are
cle, interior struc- common, as are injuries to the lower extremities
tures and body -Thorax/abdomen = Injuries from soft-tissue injuries to flail chest, lung contusion,
structures. pneumothorax, hemothorax, or possible traumatic aortic dissection. Injuries in-
clude those to solid and hollow organs
, -Pelvis/legs = Pelvic, hip or femur fractures. Pelvic injuries may also include
dislocation, bladder rupture and urethral injuries
14. Describe poten- Proper use of seat restraint = Facial, head or neck injuries such as fractures,
tial injuries asso- dislocations or spinal-cord injuries; Clavicle fractures (at the point where the chest
ciated with prop- strap crosses) and chest-wall injuries; Internal organ damage
er and improp-
er use of seat Improper use of seat restraint = Abdominal or lumbar spine injury; No restraint
restraints, head- could possibly lead to ejection of vehicle
rest and air bags
Improper use of headrest = (second impact) Hyperextension of the cervical spine
in a head-on col-
lision
Proper use of air bags = Injuries from a second impact after deflation can lead
to striking the steering wheel leading to internal injuries (thus, check under the
deflated air bag for mechanical deformity; Leg, pelvis or abdominal injuries;
Abrasions from the nylon bag, corneal abrasions and superficial burns on arms
in the vicinity of the airbag vents
15. Describe at least -Hyperextension of the cervical spine (if headrest too low)
two potential -lumbar-spine injury (if the seat breaks and falls backwards)
injuries from
rear-end colli- *Rapid forward deceleration can occur from striking something in front after
sions being struck from behind, thus leading to front impact injuries.
16. How many more 25
times is a per-
son likely to die
if they are eject-
ed from a vehi-
cle during an ac-
cident?
17.
