ITLS trauma UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT Answers
1. What are the four components of perfusion? Volume of fluid, air exchange, vas-
cular system, functioning pump
2. What is categorized as hypovolemic shock External hemorrhage uncon-
(ABSOLUTE hypovolemia)? aka LOW VOLUME trolled/controlled, internal hemor-
SHOCK rhage, other causes (i.e. diarrhea)
3. What is categorized as distributive shock (RELA- Neurogenic shock, medical causes
TIVE hypovolemia)? aka HIGH-SPACE SHOCK (i.e. anaphylaxis, sepsis, overdose)
4. What is categorized as obstructive shock? aka Cardiac tamponade, massive pul-
MECHANICAL SHOCK monary embolism, tension pneu-
mothorax
5. What is categorized as cardiogenic shock (PUMP Cardiac contusion
failure)?
6. Hypotension is considered an early or late sign Late
of shock?
7. Hemorrhagic early shock blood volume loss? 15-25%
8. Hemorrhagic late shock blood volume loss? 30-45%
9. S&S of compensated hemorrhagic shock? Weakness/light headedness, thirst,
pallor, tachycardia, diaphoresis,
tachypnea, decreased urinary out-
put, weakened peripheral pulses
10. S&S of decompensated hemorrhagic shock? Hypotension, AMS, cardiac arrest
11. Tachycardia is a sign of Illness/shock/something being
wrong
,12. What is generally considered tachycardic? Pulse rate over 100 in adult, higher
at younger ages
13. Adult's with a sustained P of 100 should be sus- Occult hemorrhage until proven
pected of having? otherwise
14. Typical s&s of hypovolemic/absolute hypov- - Tachycardia
olemia/low-volume shock victims? - Pale
- FLAT neck veins
- Weak radial pulses
15. Most YOUNG pt can maintain adequate perfu- 80-90mmHg
sion with what systolic bp?
16. Typical s&s of NEUROGENIC (distributive/relative Due to no catecholamine release
hypovolemia/high-space shock) victims? because of spinal injury:
- No pallor
- No vasoconstriction
- No tachycardia
- No sweating
S&S
- Decreased BP
- Rate is normal or slow
- Skin is usually pink/warm/dry
- May have paralysis/sensory deficit
17. In normal adult resting state, the heart pumps 5L/min
how many liters of blood per minute?
18. Typical s&s of TENSION PNEUMOTHORAX (ob- - Distended neck veins
structive/mechanical shock) victims? - Shifting of the mediastinum
- Tracheal deviation
, - Cyanosis
- Decreased or absent breath
sounds on affected side
- Hyperresonance or percussion
- Decreased LOC
19. Typical s&s of CARDIAC TAMPONADE (obstruc- - Distended neck veins
tive/mechanical shock) victims? - Cyanosis
- Beck's Triad (distended neck veins,
muffled heart tones, pulsus para-
doxus)
20. Typical s&s of CARDIAC CONTUSION (cardio- Right ventricle is more common
genic/pump failure) victims? place for injury!
Symptoms can be nonspecific, best
guess is history of severe blunt
trauma to the chest resulting from
a sudden deceleration injury.
- Chest pain
- Otherwise unexplained irregular
pulse
- Neck vein distension
S&S same as pericardial tamponade
so treated the same!
21. How much air do adults typically take in with 400-600cc (tidal volume)
each breath aka tidal volume?
22. Normal ventilation provides how much O2 level O2: 100mmHg
and CO2 level in the blood? CO2: 35-45mmHg
1. What are the four components of perfusion? Volume of fluid, air exchange, vas-
cular system, functioning pump
2. What is categorized as hypovolemic shock External hemorrhage uncon-
(ABSOLUTE hypovolemia)? aka LOW VOLUME trolled/controlled, internal hemor-
SHOCK rhage, other causes (i.e. diarrhea)
3. What is categorized as distributive shock (RELA- Neurogenic shock, medical causes
TIVE hypovolemia)? aka HIGH-SPACE SHOCK (i.e. anaphylaxis, sepsis, overdose)
4. What is categorized as obstructive shock? aka Cardiac tamponade, massive pul-
MECHANICAL SHOCK monary embolism, tension pneu-
mothorax
5. What is categorized as cardiogenic shock (PUMP Cardiac contusion
failure)?
6. Hypotension is considered an early or late sign Late
of shock?
7. Hemorrhagic early shock blood volume loss? 15-25%
8. Hemorrhagic late shock blood volume loss? 30-45%
9. S&S of compensated hemorrhagic shock? Weakness/light headedness, thirst,
pallor, tachycardia, diaphoresis,
tachypnea, decreased urinary out-
put, weakened peripheral pulses
10. S&S of decompensated hemorrhagic shock? Hypotension, AMS, cardiac arrest
11. Tachycardia is a sign of Illness/shock/something being
wrong
,12. What is generally considered tachycardic? Pulse rate over 100 in adult, higher
at younger ages
13. Adult's with a sustained P of 100 should be sus- Occult hemorrhage until proven
pected of having? otherwise
14. Typical s&s of hypovolemic/absolute hypov- - Tachycardia
olemia/low-volume shock victims? - Pale
- FLAT neck veins
- Weak radial pulses
15. Most YOUNG pt can maintain adequate perfu- 80-90mmHg
sion with what systolic bp?
16. Typical s&s of NEUROGENIC (distributive/relative Due to no catecholamine release
hypovolemia/high-space shock) victims? because of spinal injury:
- No pallor
- No vasoconstriction
- No tachycardia
- No sweating
S&S
- Decreased BP
- Rate is normal or slow
- Skin is usually pink/warm/dry
- May have paralysis/sensory deficit
17. In normal adult resting state, the heart pumps 5L/min
how many liters of blood per minute?
18. Typical s&s of TENSION PNEUMOTHORAX (ob- - Distended neck veins
structive/mechanical shock) victims? - Shifting of the mediastinum
- Tracheal deviation
, - Cyanosis
- Decreased or absent breath
sounds on affected side
- Hyperresonance or percussion
- Decreased LOC
19. Typical s&s of CARDIAC TAMPONADE (obstruc- - Distended neck veins
tive/mechanical shock) victims? - Cyanosis
- Beck's Triad (distended neck veins,
muffled heart tones, pulsus para-
doxus)
20. Typical s&s of CARDIAC CONTUSION (cardio- Right ventricle is more common
genic/pump failure) victims? place for injury!
Symptoms can be nonspecific, best
guess is history of severe blunt
trauma to the chest resulting from
a sudden deceleration injury.
- Chest pain
- Otherwise unexplained irregular
pulse
- Neck vein distension
S&S same as pericardial tamponade
so treated the same!
21. How much air do adults typically take in with 400-600cc (tidal volume)
each breath aka tidal volume?
22. Normal ventilation provides how much O2 level O2: 100mmHg
and CO2 level in the blood? CO2: 35-45mmHg
