ANSWERS|ACTUAL COMPLETE EXAM|ALREADY
GRADED A+
Modification in design or administration of an exam due to documented disability without altering
the interpretation of the results. ✔Correct Answer-Accomodation
The responsibility of a board, governing committee, etc. to its stakeholders to demonstrate the
efficacy and fairness of credentialing policies, procedures, and requirements. ✔Correct Answer-
Accountability
The process by which an agency having authority grants time-limited formal recognition to an
institution, organization, business, credentialing body or other independent entity after verifying that
the aforementioned has met predetermined and standardized criteria. ✔Correct Answer-
Accreditation
An entity that evaluates whether the processes and products of a credentialing body have met
predetermined and standardized criteria. ✔Correct Answer-Accreditation Body
The process by which examinations or other credentialing requirements are converted to another
language and/or cultural context, preserving equivalence of meaning, level of difficulty, and
conceptual complexity from the original version to the adapted version. ✔Correct Answer-
Adaptation
An instance in which a protected class of candidates exhibits a demonstrably higher failure rate than
that of the reference nonprotected population. ✔Correct Answer-Adverse Impact
The method of setting the passing score of an examination using the ratings of subject-matter
experts as to the likely number of just-competent individuals who will answer examination items
correctly. See also "Cut Score" and "Standard Setting. ✔Correct Answer-Angoff Method
A request by applicants, candidates, or credentialed individuals or entities for reconsideration of an
adverse decision made by the credentialing body regarding their desired status. An appeal can also
be made related to accreditation decisions. ✔Correct Answer-Appeal
An individual or entity that declares interest in earning a credential offered by a credentialing body,
usually through submission of materials. ✔Correct Answer-Applicant
The process that evaluates an individual's or credentialing body's fulfillment of set requirements
✔Correct Answer-Assessment
A non-degree-granting program that a) provides instruction and training to aid participants in
acquiring specific knowledge, skills, and/or competencies associated with intended learning
outcomes; b) evaluates participants' achievement of the intended learning outcomes; and c) awards
a certificate only to those participants who meet the performance, proficiency, or passing standard
on an assessment verifying learning. ✔Correct Answer-Assessment-Based Certificate Program
, A tool or process for determining whether candidates possess the necessary knowledge, skill, or
demonstrated abilities to fulfill the requirements of a credential. ✔Correct Answer-Assessment
Instrument
An individual's confirmation, based on a decision following a review, that fulfillment of specified
requirements has been demonstrated ✔Correct Answer-Attestation
A systematic, independent, and documented review of records and activities to assess the adequacy
of system controls, to ensure compliance with established policies and operational procedures, and
to recommend necessary changes in controls, policies, or procedures. ✔Correct Answer-Audit
The addition of digitally created visualizations to a real-world view, generally with support of a
handheld device containing a camera ✔Correct Answer-Augmented Reality
The use of technology to generate large numbers of examination items by combining variable
elements within a template or model designed by subject-matter experts ✔Correct Answer-
Automatic Item Generation
Control over all essential credentialing decisions without being subject to approval by or undue
influence from any other body or individual(s). ✔Correct Answer-Autonomy
An inclination or preference that influences the treatment of candidates or a class of candidates in a
manner that varies from the treatment of a reference population ✔Correct Answer-Bias
An applicant who has fulfilled specified prerequisites establishing eligibility to participate in the
credentialing process. ✔Correct Answer-Candidate
An individual who has successfully completed the requirements of a certification program, who has
earned the right to use the certification mark and continues to be authorized to use this mark by
meeting ongoing recertification or maintenance of certification requirements. ✔Correct Answer-
Certificant
A document (e.g., letter, card, digital image, or other medium) attesting to the successful completion
of the requirements of a credentialing program ✔Correct Answer-Certificate
A document issued after an individual attends and/or participates in an instructional event for a
minimum specified time ✔Correct Answer-Certificate of Attendance or Participation
A voluntary, nongovernmental process by which an individual is determined by a certification body to
have successfully completed the requirements of a certification program and may be identified to the
public and other stakeholders as a certificant. Some regulatory bodies use voluntary certification
programs to meet licensure or registration requirements. ✔Correct Answer-Certification
A group of individuals appointed or elected to autonomously govern one or more certification
programs and to be responsible for all certification decision-making. Also known as a "certification
committee," "certification council," or "governing committee." ✔Correct Answer-Certification
Board
A type of trademark used to show consumers that providers of particular goods and/or services have
met certain standards. The certification mark is the intellectual property of the certification body and
may only be used with its authorization. ✔Correct Answer-Certification Mark