Pre AP Biology Final Exam Study Guide
Questions and Answers16
Marine - ANSWERS -Like lakes, ocean zones distinguished by: Light penetration (photic/aphotic).
Distance from shore/ H2O depth (intertidal/neritic/oceanic). Open water or bottom
(pelagic/benthic/abyssal)
Estuary/Wetlands - ANSWERS -H2O saturated soil and standing water occasionally via floods or
all the time & w/ plants adapted to low O2 concentrations. Chemical: shallow w/ low O2 soil
and H2O due to high rate of decomposition (low b/c filtration of nutrients)
Hardy-Weinberg Equations - ANSWERS -
5 conditions that MUST be met in order for a population to be in a Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
(non-evolving) - ANSWERS --population must be large
-mating is random
-No selection is occurring
-No mutations is occurring
-No Gene Flow is occurring (immigration/emigration)
What is the difference between the dependent and independent variable in an experiment? -
ANSWERS -An independent variable is the variable that is changed or controlled in a scientific
,experiment to test the effects on the dependent variable. A dependent variable is the variable
being tested and measured in a scientific experiment.
Homeostasis - ANSWERS -The ability of a cell to maintain a stable, internal environment.
Without precise control of things moving in and out, the cell would shrivel or pop!
Osmosis - ANSWERS -The movement of water from an area of high concentration to an area of
low concentration. A type of passive transport
Diffusion - ANSWERS -The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an
area of low concentration. A type of passive transport
Active transport - ANSWERS -Uses energy to move substances across the cell membrane. Moves
materials against the concentration gradient, materials move from an area of low concentration
to an area of high concentration
Passive Transport - ANSWERS -The movement of molecules in or out of a cell that requires no
cellular energy. Materials move from an area of high concentration to an area of low
concentration
Endocytosis - ANSWERS -materials move into the cell. Cell takes in large particles by engulfing
them
Exocytosis - ANSWERS -moving materials out of a cell. Opposite of endocytosis
What is the difference between a variable and a control in an experiment? - ANSWERS -
Dependent variable: An outcome variable that is measured each time the independent variable
is changed. Control variable: Any other variable that may affect the outcome.
, What makes up an atom and where are those parts found? - ANSWERS -Atoms are made up of
three particles: protons, neutrons and electrons. Protons and neutrons are heavier than
electrons and reside in the center of the atom, which is called the nucleus.
PH scale - ANSWERS -
lipids - ANSWERS -Concentrated energy molecule
carbohydrates - ANSWERS -Building block molecules
proteins - ANSWERS -multipurpose molecules
nucleic acids - ANSWERS -Information Molecule, include DNA and RNA
What are some roles of the four macromolecules? - ANSWERS -lipids played the role of storage
of energy or forming cell membranes alone. The role of carbohydrates is to provide energy, as
they are the body's main source of fuel, needed for physical activity, brain function and
operation of the organs. Proteins do most of the work in cells and are required for the structure,
function, and regulation of the body's tissues and organs. Nucleic acids are large molecules that
carry tons of small details: all the genetic information
What is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? - ANSWERS -Both organisms are
composed of cells, the basic unit of life, with each cell surrounded by a cell membrane. The
biggest difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that eukaryotes have a nucleus. They
also have other membrane structures called organelles.
Describe the cell theory - ANSWERS -All living organisms are composed of one or more cells. ...
The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization in organisms. Cells arise from preexisting
cells.
Questions and Answers16
Marine - ANSWERS -Like lakes, ocean zones distinguished by: Light penetration (photic/aphotic).
Distance from shore/ H2O depth (intertidal/neritic/oceanic). Open water or bottom
(pelagic/benthic/abyssal)
Estuary/Wetlands - ANSWERS -H2O saturated soil and standing water occasionally via floods or
all the time & w/ plants adapted to low O2 concentrations. Chemical: shallow w/ low O2 soil
and H2O due to high rate of decomposition (low b/c filtration of nutrients)
Hardy-Weinberg Equations - ANSWERS -
5 conditions that MUST be met in order for a population to be in a Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
(non-evolving) - ANSWERS --population must be large
-mating is random
-No selection is occurring
-No mutations is occurring
-No Gene Flow is occurring (immigration/emigration)
What is the difference between the dependent and independent variable in an experiment? -
ANSWERS -An independent variable is the variable that is changed or controlled in a scientific
,experiment to test the effects on the dependent variable. A dependent variable is the variable
being tested and measured in a scientific experiment.
Homeostasis - ANSWERS -The ability of a cell to maintain a stable, internal environment.
Without precise control of things moving in and out, the cell would shrivel or pop!
Osmosis - ANSWERS -The movement of water from an area of high concentration to an area of
low concentration. A type of passive transport
Diffusion - ANSWERS -The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an
area of low concentration. A type of passive transport
Active transport - ANSWERS -Uses energy to move substances across the cell membrane. Moves
materials against the concentration gradient, materials move from an area of low concentration
to an area of high concentration
Passive Transport - ANSWERS -The movement of molecules in or out of a cell that requires no
cellular energy. Materials move from an area of high concentration to an area of low
concentration
Endocytosis - ANSWERS -materials move into the cell. Cell takes in large particles by engulfing
them
Exocytosis - ANSWERS -moving materials out of a cell. Opposite of endocytosis
What is the difference between a variable and a control in an experiment? - ANSWERS -
Dependent variable: An outcome variable that is measured each time the independent variable
is changed. Control variable: Any other variable that may affect the outcome.
, What makes up an atom and where are those parts found? - ANSWERS -Atoms are made up of
three particles: protons, neutrons and electrons. Protons and neutrons are heavier than
electrons and reside in the center of the atom, which is called the nucleus.
PH scale - ANSWERS -
lipids - ANSWERS -Concentrated energy molecule
carbohydrates - ANSWERS -Building block molecules
proteins - ANSWERS -multipurpose molecules
nucleic acids - ANSWERS -Information Molecule, include DNA and RNA
What are some roles of the four macromolecules? - ANSWERS -lipids played the role of storage
of energy or forming cell membranes alone. The role of carbohydrates is to provide energy, as
they are the body's main source of fuel, needed for physical activity, brain function and
operation of the organs. Proteins do most of the work in cells and are required for the structure,
function, and regulation of the body's tissues and organs. Nucleic acids are large molecules that
carry tons of small details: all the genetic information
What is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? - ANSWERS -Both organisms are
composed of cells, the basic unit of life, with each cell surrounded by a cell membrane. The
biggest difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that eukaryotes have a nucleus. They
also have other membrane structures called organelles.
Describe the cell theory - ANSWERS -All living organisms are composed of one or more cells. ...
The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization in organisms. Cells arise from preexisting
cells.
