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Samenvatting D012647A - infectie en afweer - partim histologie

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Samenvatting infectie en afweer
partim histologie
H1: inleiding (1)

H2: primaire lymfoïde organen (4)

H3: secundaire lymfoïde organen (8)




1

, H1: Inleiding
• lichaam heeft verschillende defensiemechanismen om integriteit te bewaren:
 het vrij oppervlak: 1ste verdediging
o huid => verhoorning, pathog. kunnen niet zomaar binnengaan
o speeksel => anti-infectieuze factoren (lysozyme)
o lage pH in vagina
o mucus in luchtwegen => geproduceerd door slijmbekercellen in pseudomeerlagig ep

=> indien dat 1ste barrière doorbroken (bv. muggensteek, hondenbeet, naald,…)
-> andere mechanisme nodig!

 niet-specifieke cellulaire reacties:
o = het aangeboren IS
o fagocytose van bacterie door macrofagen en WBC
o verdedigingstoffen tegen virale infecties (interferonen) gemaakt door geïnf. cellen

 specifieke verdedigingssysteem
o = het adaptieve IS
o via één celtype (=> lymfocyten)
o specifiek antwoord op welbepaalde vreemd stof (antigen)
1) lymfocyten herkennen antigen
2) hierop een antilichaam maken
3) antilichaam schakelt het antigen uit

o twee mechanismen:
▪ Humorale immuniteit
• = maken antilichamen die zelf het antigen herkennen en inactiveren
• B- lymfocyten
▪ Cellulaire immuniteit
• = door antigen gestimuleerd om andere cellen (macrofagen) aan te
zetten om antigen te neutraliseren
• T-lymfocyten
o bevat geheugencellen (2de keer besmet? -> reactie sneller)

• cellen v/h IS == verschillende soorten lymfocyten; overal in het lichaam
o geïsoleerd
o lymfoïde orgaan:
▪ primaire => aanmaak van mature B en T-cellen; NIET in contact met pathog.
• B-cellen in beenmerg
• T-cellen in thymus
▪ secundaire => plaats waar B en T-cellen WEL in contact met pathog. mogen
• MALT, lymfeknopen, milt

• de lymfocyten in netwerk van reticulair BW:
o reticulumcellen => BWcellen (=fibroblasten) die reticulum aanmaken
o reticulinevezels


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