TEST BANK Massage Therapy 7/E Susan Salvo
b b b b b b
Chapter 01: History of Massage: Prehistoric Times to the Modern Era and Professional
b b b b b b b b b b b b
Societies, Organizations, and Associations.
b b b b
,MULTIPLE CHOICE b
1. Which method is defined as manipulation of soft tissue using pressure and traction for
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
clinical, therapeutic, and palliative purposes?
b b b b b
a. Acupuncture
b. Ayurveda
c. Polarity therapy b
d. Massage therapy b
ANS: D b
Massage therapy the manipulation of soft tissue using compression and
b b b b b b b b b
decompression/traction for clinical, therapeutic, and palliative purposes or for wellness and
b b b b b b b b b b b
self-care purposes.
b b
2. Which origin for the word massage is Greek?
b b b b b b b
a. Mashesh
b. Masso
c. Masser
d. Makeh
ANS: B b
The origin of the word massage is unclear, but can be traced to numerous sources: the Hebrew
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
mashesh, the Greek masso and massin, the Latin massa, the Arabic mass’h, the Sanskrit
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
makeh, and the French masser.
b b b b b
3. When was the earliest the term massage was used by most European-based cultures?
b b b b b b b b b b b b
a. 1600s
b. 1700s
c. 1800s
d. 1900s
ANS: C b
By the early 1800s, the term massage was used by most European-based cultures.
b b b b b b b b b b b b
Historically, massage was referred to by its techniques such as friction or rubbing.
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
4. The first written records of massage date back to 3000 BCE in which country?
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
a. India
b. China
c. Egypt
d. Greece
ANS: B b
Written records regarding the practice of massage go back to 3000 BCE in China.
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
Acupuncture was not mentioned in Chinese writings until 90 BCE.
b b b b b b b b b b
5. Which work is commonly referred to as the classic scripture of traditional Chinese medicine?
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
, a. Tao Te Ching b b
b. Nei Ching b
c. Ayur-Veda
d. Corpus Hippocraticum b
ANS: B b
At the time of Hwang Ti, various ideas and beliefs were compiled under the name of the
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
Yellow Emperor (died in 2599 BCE) which became the classic scripture of traditional Chinese
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
medicine known as the Nei Chang. The Nei Chang was written about 2760 BCE, and this
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
work contains detailed descriptions of massage procedures as well as herbal medicines.
b b b b b b b b b b b b
6. What is the original massage technique in China and the precursor to manual and energetic
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
therapies?
b
a. Polarity
b. Shiatsu
c. Acupuncture
d. Amma
ANS: D b
Amma is regarded as the original massage technique and precursor to all other Chinese
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
therapies, manual and energetic.
b b b b
7. Which healing method is based on Hindu tradition?
b b b b b b b
a. Ayurveda
b. Shiatsu
c. Amma
d. Polarity
ANS: A b
Knowledge of amma massage traveled to the subcontinent of India from China, and massage
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
became part of Hindu tradition. Massage is described in India’s first great medical texts, the
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
Ayurveda books of wisdom (about 1800 BCE) and recommend massage as an indispensable
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
healing procedure.
b b
8. Which method is Japanese but based on Chinese medicine concepts, and uses pressure applied
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
from the practitioner’s thumbs, elbows, and other parts of the body?
b b b b b b b b b b b
a. Ayurveda
b. Shiatsu
c. Massage
d. Amma
ANS: B b
Shiatsu is a Japanese method based on the same traditional Chinese medicine concepts as
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
acupuncture —energy flows in the body through streams called channels or meridians.
b b b b b b b b b b b b
Acupuncturists use needles at specific points to balance the flow of energy; shiatsu
b b b b b b b b b b b b
practitioners use their fingers, thumbs, forearms, elbows, and even their knees and feet.
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
9. Who is generally recognized as the father of modern Western medicine?
b b b b b b b b b b
a. Galen
b. Celsus
c. Rhazes
, d. Hippocrates
ANS: D b
Hippocrates was known to be a fine physician, founder of a medical school, author of
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
numerous books, and advocated the use of massage or ―rubbing.‖ These works are
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
collectively known as the Corpus Hippocraticum, and summarized much of what was known
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
about disease and medicine in the ancient world. Hippocrates is generally recognized as the
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
father of modern Western medicine, and he believed that physicians should avoid causing
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
harm to patients.
b b b
10. Who wrote the Canon of Medicine, the most famous book in the history of medicine in both
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
the East and the West?
b b b b b
a. Rhazes
b. Celsus
c. Avicenna
d. Hippocrates
ANS: C b
A text entitled
b b or Canon of Medicine was written by one of the greatest
b b b b b b b b b b b b
Persian physicians of his era, Avicenna (980-1037). He was also known as Ibn Sina. The
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
Canon of Medicine is the most famous book in the history of medicine in both the East and
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
the West.
b b
11. Which individual discussed the effects of massage and used friction on joints in the 1500s?
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
a. Paré
b. Harvey
c. Galen
d. Mezger
ANS: A b
Ambroise Paré (1515-1590) was a famous French surgeon who was among the earliest
b b b b b b b b b b b b
individuals in this era to discuss the effects of massage. He used friction to treat dislocated
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
joints and other orthopedic conditions.
b b b b b
12. Who was the first known scientist to demonstrate that blood circulation due to muscular
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
bcontraction of the heart? b b b
a. Paré
b. Galen
c. Harvey
d. Mezger
ANS: C b
English scientist William Harvey (1578–1657) discovered the circulation of blood in 1628,
b b b b b b b b b b b
and his writings did much to promote the acceptance of massage as a treatment measure.
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
Harvey observed the hearts of living animals and determined that active phase of the heart
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
muscular contraction (systole) pumped blood through arteries and veins.
b b b b b b b b b
13. Who developed the Swedish Movement Cure, which included the use of massage?
b b b b b b b b b b b
a. Johann Mezger b
b. Pehr H. Ling b b
c. George Henry Taylor b b
b b b b b b
Chapter 01: History of Massage: Prehistoric Times to the Modern Era and Professional
b b b b b b b b b b b b
Societies, Organizations, and Associations.
b b b b
,MULTIPLE CHOICE b
1. Which method is defined as manipulation of soft tissue using pressure and traction for
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
clinical, therapeutic, and palliative purposes?
b b b b b
a. Acupuncture
b. Ayurveda
c. Polarity therapy b
d. Massage therapy b
ANS: D b
Massage therapy the manipulation of soft tissue using compression and
b b b b b b b b b
decompression/traction for clinical, therapeutic, and palliative purposes or for wellness and
b b b b b b b b b b b
self-care purposes.
b b
2. Which origin for the word massage is Greek?
b b b b b b b
a. Mashesh
b. Masso
c. Masser
d. Makeh
ANS: B b
The origin of the word massage is unclear, but can be traced to numerous sources: the Hebrew
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
mashesh, the Greek masso and massin, the Latin massa, the Arabic mass’h, the Sanskrit
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
makeh, and the French masser.
b b b b b
3. When was the earliest the term massage was used by most European-based cultures?
b b b b b b b b b b b b
a. 1600s
b. 1700s
c. 1800s
d. 1900s
ANS: C b
By the early 1800s, the term massage was used by most European-based cultures.
b b b b b b b b b b b b
Historically, massage was referred to by its techniques such as friction or rubbing.
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
4. The first written records of massage date back to 3000 BCE in which country?
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
a. India
b. China
c. Egypt
d. Greece
ANS: B b
Written records regarding the practice of massage go back to 3000 BCE in China.
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
Acupuncture was not mentioned in Chinese writings until 90 BCE.
b b b b b b b b b b
5. Which work is commonly referred to as the classic scripture of traditional Chinese medicine?
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
, a. Tao Te Ching b b
b. Nei Ching b
c. Ayur-Veda
d. Corpus Hippocraticum b
ANS: B b
At the time of Hwang Ti, various ideas and beliefs were compiled under the name of the
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
Yellow Emperor (died in 2599 BCE) which became the classic scripture of traditional Chinese
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
medicine known as the Nei Chang. The Nei Chang was written about 2760 BCE, and this
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
work contains detailed descriptions of massage procedures as well as herbal medicines.
b b b b b b b b b b b b
6. What is the original massage technique in China and the precursor to manual and energetic
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
therapies?
b
a. Polarity
b. Shiatsu
c. Acupuncture
d. Amma
ANS: D b
Amma is regarded as the original massage technique and precursor to all other Chinese
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
therapies, manual and energetic.
b b b b
7. Which healing method is based on Hindu tradition?
b b b b b b b
a. Ayurveda
b. Shiatsu
c. Amma
d. Polarity
ANS: A b
Knowledge of amma massage traveled to the subcontinent of India from China, and massage
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
became part of Hindu tradition. Massage is described in India’s first great medical texts, the
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
Ayurveda books of wisdom (about 1800 BCE) and recommend massage as an indispensable
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
healing procedure.
b b
8. Which method is Japanese but based on Chinese medicine concepts, and uses pressure applied
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
from the practitioner’s thumbs, elbows, and other parts of the body?
b b b b b b b b b b b
a. Ayurveda
b. Shiatsu
c. Massage
d. Amma
ANS: B b
Shiatsu is a Japanese method based on the same traditional Chinese medicine concepts as
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
acupuncture —energy flows in the body through streams called channels or meridians.
b b b b b b b b b b b b
Acupuncturists use needles at specific points to balance the flow of energy; shiatsu
b b b b b b b b b b b b
practitioners use their fingers, thumbs, forearms, elbows, and even their knees and feet.
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
9. Who is generally recognized as the father of modern Western medicine?
b b b b b b b b b b
a. Galen
b. Celsus
c. Rhazes
, d. Hippocrates
ANS: D b
Hippocrates was known to be a fine physician, founder of a medical school, author of
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
numerous books, and advocated the use of massage or ―rubbing.‖ These works are
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
collectively known as the Corpus Hippocraticum, and summarized much of what was known
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
about disease and medicine in the ancient world. Hippocrates is generally recognized as the
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
father of modern Western medicine, and he believed that physicians should avoid causing
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
harm to patients.
b b b
10. Who wrote the Canon of Medicine, the most famous book in the history of medicine in both
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
the East and the West?
b b b b b
a. Rhazes
b. Celsus
c. Avicenna
d. Hippocrates
ANS: C b
A text entitled
b b or Canon of Medicine was written by one of the greatest
b b b b b b b b b b b b
Persian physicians of his era, Avicenna (980-1037). He was also known as Ibn Sina. The
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
Canon of Medicine is the most famous book in the history of medicine in both the East and
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
the West.
b b
11. Which individual discussed the effects of massage and used friction on joints in the 1500s?
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
a. Paré
b. Harvey
c. Galen
d. Mezger
ANS: A b
Ambroise Paré (1515-1590) was a famous French surgeon who was among the earliest
b b b b b b b b b b b b
individuals in this era to discuss the effects of massage. He used friction to treat dislocated
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
joints and other orthopedic conditions.
b b b b b
12. Who was the first known scientist to demonstrate that blood circulation due to muscular
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
bcontraction of the heart? b b b
a. Paré
b. Galen
c. Harvey
d. Mezger
ANS: C b
English scientist William Harvey (1578–1657) discovered the circulation of blood in 1628,
b b b b b b b b b b b
and his writings did much to promote the acceptance of massage as a treatment measure.
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
Harvey observed the hearts of living animals and determined that active phase of the heart
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
muscular contraction (systole) pumped blood through arteries and veins.
b b b b b b b b b
13. Who developed the Swedish Movement Cure, which included the use of massage?
b b b b b b b b b b b
a. Johann Mezger b
b. Pehr H. Ling b b
c. George Henry Taylor b b
