ATR 257 EXAM 3 STUDY GUIDE
Motions of Shoulder - Answer -FL & EXT, ABD & ADD, IR & ER, horizontal ABD &
horizontal ADD, circumduction
Scapular Elevation - Answer -shoulder shrug
Scapular Depression - Answer -opposite of elevation
Scapular Retraction - Answer -pinch shoulder blades together
Scapular Protraction - Answer -opposite of retraction
Scapula - Answer -aka shoulder blade; spine, superior angle, inferior angle,
medial/vertebral border, lateral/axillary border, acromion process, & coracoid process
Clavicle - Answer -aka collar bone; distal/lateral end & proximal/medial end; "S" shaped
Sternum - Answer -
Humerus - Answer -head, greater tuberosity, lesser tuberosity, bicipital groove, shaft;
GH jt. is ball & socket jt. but glenoid fossa if flat & humeral head is round, causing
increased movability but decreases stability
Thorax - Answer -ribs; specifically posterior aspect of ribs 2-8
Joints - Answer -glenohumeral (GH), acromioclavicular (AC), sternoclavicular (SC), &
scapulothoracic (ST)
Anterior Muscles - Answer -FL shoulder & may FL elbow
Posterior Muscles - Answer -EXT shoulder & may EXT the elbow
Lateral Muscles - Answer -ABD shoulder
Medial Muscles - Answer -ADD shoulder
Deep Muscles - Answer -IR & ER shoulder
Deltoids - Answer -forms "cap" of the shoulder; 1 muscle w/ 3 parts; originate an
acromion process & insert on lateral shaft of humerus
Anterior Deltoid - Answer -shoulder FL
Middle Deltoid - Answer -shoulder ABD
,Posterior Deltoid - Answer -shoulder EXT
Biceps brachii - Answer -1 muscle w/ 2 heads (long & short); crosses shoulder & elbow
causing shoulder & elbow FL
Biceps Tendon - Answer -tendon of long head runs through biceptal groove of humerus
& over the humeral head to attach to the scapula, resulting in a tendon running b/w 2
bones; when shoulder in neutral RO or ER, Biceps tendon is ok during shoulder FL;
when shoulder in IR, Biceps gets pinched under acromion process during shoulder FL
above 90⁰; ER is easier that IR when FL
Triceps brachii - Answer -1 muscle w/ 3 heads; crosses shoulder & elbow to EXT both
Rotator Cuff - Answer -4 muscles; begin on scapula & end on greater or lesser
tuberosity of humerus; stabilizes GH jt. & shoulder IR & ER; small muscles made for
endurance NOT brute strength; Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres minor, &
Subscapularis
Supraspinatus - Answer -runs from above spine of scapula & under acromion process
to attach on top of greater tuberosity of humerus; holds humeral head in glenoid fossa &
shoulder ABD
Supraspinatus Tendon - Answer -position results in a muscle/tendon running b/w 2
bones; w/ shoulder ABD above 90⁰, tendon can be pinched under acromion process,
esp. w/ shoulder IR & ER @ same time
Infraspinatus & Teres Minor - Answer -run from below spine of scapula to attach on
back of greater tuberosity of humerus; holds humeral head in glenoid fossa & shoulder
ER
Subscapularis - Answer -runs from anterior surface of scapula to attach on front of
lesser tuberosity of humerus; holds humeral head in glenoid fossa & shoulder IR
Upper Trapezius - Answer -1 part of larger 3 part muscle; begins on neck spinous
processes & attaches on scapular spine; shoulder elevation & neck EXT
Pectoralis major - Answer -runs from sternum to upper shaft of humerus; tendon forms
the anterior border of the axilla (armpit); shoulder horizontal ADD
Latissimus dorsi - Answer -runs from spine & posterior pelvis to upper shaft of
humerus; tendon forms the posterior border of the axilla; shoulder horizontal ADD
Nerves - Answer -ALL supply sensation & movement to upper extremity come from
spinal cord through brachial plexus
, Ligaments - Answer -ligaments of GH jt. are VERY thin & weak; added support to GH
jt. capsule; AC jt. is supported by AC ligament & 2 other ligaments
Bursae - Answer -Subcoracoid (b/w coracoid process & jt. capsule), Subdeltoid (under
Deltoid), Subacromial (extension of subdeltoid)
To have full shoulder ABD - Answer -you want full motion @ the GH jt. & ST articulation
(for every 30⁰ of shoulder ABD you have 20⁰ of motion @ the GH jt. & 10⁰ of rotation @
the ST jt.)
Clavicle rotates slightly during all shoulder motions - Answer -results in movement of
the AC & SC jts.
Rotator cuff muscles are working during ALL shoulder motions - Answer -they contract
to keep head of humerus in the glenoid fossa
Clavicle Fx - Answer -Mech:
~ fall on point of shoulder, fall on outstretched hand (FOOSH), DB
middle 1/3 is most common site (where clavicle changes shape)
S&S:
~ p!, obvious deformity, point tenderness, swelling
Tx:
~sling, ice, monitor VS & for shock, refer to MD, figure 8 brace, surgery may be req. for
severe fx
AC Joint Sprain - Answer -aka shoulder pointer, shoulder separation, receiver's
shoulder
Mech:
~ fall on tip of shoulder, FOOSH
S&S:
~ p!, point tenderness, possible deformity w/ Grade 2 & 3, loss of ROM
Tx:
~ ice, sling, refer to MD
SC Joint Dx - Answer -Mech:
~ FOOSH, fall on point of shoulder, DB, hyper-horizontal ABD
Posterior Dx can be LIFE THREATENING!!!
~ may impinge cardiac vessel, respiratory organ, etc.)
S&S:
~ p!, possible obvious deformity, point tenderness
Tx:
~ ice, activate EMS, monitor VS & breathing
GH Joint Dx - Answer -aka shoulder Dx
Humeral head can Dx in any direction
~ most common are anterior or anterior-inferior
Motions of Shoulder - Answer -FL & EXT, ABD & ADD, IR & ER, horizontal ABD &
horizontal ADD, circumduction
Scapular Elevation - Answer -shoulder shrug
Scapular Depression - Answer -opposite of elevation
Scapular Retraction - Answer -pinch shoulder blades together
Scapular Protraction - Answer -opposite of retraction
Scapula - Answer -aka shoulder blade; spine, superior angle, inferior angle,
medial/vertebral border, lateral/axillary border, acromion process, & coracoid process
Clavicle - Answer -aka collar bone; distal/lateral end & proximal/medial end; "S" shaped
Sternum - Answer -
Humerus - Answer -head, greater tuberosity, lesser tuberosity, bicipital groove, shaft;
GH jt. is ball & socket jt. but glenoid fossa if flat & humeral head is round, causing
increased movability but decreases stability
Thorax - Answer -ribs; specifically posterior aspect of ribs 2-8
Joints - Answer -glenohumeral (GH), acromioclavicular (AC), sternoclavicular (SC), &
scapulothoracic (ST)
Anterior Muscles - Answer -FL shoulder & may FL elbow
Posterior Muscles - Answer -EXT shoulder & may EXT the elbow
Lateral Muscles - Answer -ABD shoulder
Medial Muscles - Answer -ADD shoulder
Deep Muscles - Answer -IR & ER shoulder
Deltoids - Answer -forms "cap" of the shoulder; 1 muscle w/ 3 parts; originate an
acromion process & insert on lateral shaft of humerus
Anterior Deltoid - Answer -shoulder FL
Middle Deltoid - Answer -shoulder ABD
,Posterior Deltoid - Answer -shoulder EXT
Biceps brachii - Answer -1 muscle w/ 2 heads (long & short); crosses shoulder & elbow
causing shoulder & elbow FL
Biceps Tendon - Answer -tendon of long head runs through biceptal groove of humerus
& over the humeral head to attach to the scapula, resulting in a tendon running b/w 2
bones; when shoulder in neutral RO or ER, Biceps tendon is ok during shoulder FL;
when shoulder in IR, Biceps gets pinched under acromion process during shoulder FL
above 90⁰; ER is easier that IR when FL
Triceps brachii - Answer -1 muscle w/ 3 heads; crosses shoulder & elbow to EXT both
Rotator Cuff - Answer -4 muscles; begin on scapula & end on greater or lesser
tuberosity of humerus; stabilizes GH jt. & shoulder IR & ER; small muscles made for
endurance NOT brute strength; Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres minor, &
Subscapularis
Supraspinatus - Answer -runs from above spine of scapula & under acromion process
to attach on top of greater tuberosity of humerus; holds humeral head in glenoid fossa &
shoulder ABD
Supraspinatus Tendon - Answer -position results in a muscle/tendon running b/w 2
bones; w/ shoulder ABD above 90⁰, tendon can be pinched under acromion process,
esp. w/ shoulder IR & ER @ same time
Infraspinatus & Teres Minor - Answer -run from below spine of scapula to attach on
back of greater tuberosity of humerus; holds humeral head in glenoid fossa & shoulder
ER
Subscapularis - Answer -runs from anterior surface of scapula to attach on front of
lesser tuberosity of humerus; holds humeral head in glenoid fossa & shoulder IR
Upper Trapezius - Answer -1 part of larger 3 part muscle; begins on neck spinous
processes & attaches on scapular spine; shoulder elevation & neck EXT
Pectoralis major - Answer -runs from sternum to upper shaft of humerus; tendon forms
the anterior border of the axilla (armpit); shoulder horizontal ADD
Latissimus dorsi - Answer -runs from spine & posterior pelvis to upper shaft of
humerus; tendon forms the posterior border of the axilla; shoulder horizontal ADD
Nerves - Answer -ALL supply sensation & movement to upper extremity come from
spinal cord through brachial plexus
, Ligaments - Answer -ligaments of GH jt. are VERY thin & weak; added support to GH
jt. capsule; AC jt. is supported by AC ligament & 2 other ligaments
Bursae - Answer -Subcoracoid (b/w coracoid process & jt. capsule), Subdeltoid (under
Deltoid), Subacromial (extension of subdeltoid)
To have full shoulder ABD - Answer -you want full motion @ the GH jt. & ST articulation
(for every 30⁰ of shoulder ABD you have 20⁰ of motion @ the GH jt. & 10⁰ of rotation @
the ST jt.)
Clavicle rotates slightly during all shoulder motions - Answer -results in movement of
the AC & SC jts.
Rotator cuff muscles are working during ALL shoulder motions - Answer -they contract
to keep head of humerus in the glenoid fossa
Clavicle Fx - Answer -Mech:
~ fall on point of shoulder, fall on outstretched hand (FOOSH), DB
middle 1/3 is most common site (where clavicle changes shape)
S&S:
~ p!, obvious deformity, point tenderness, swelling
Tx:
~sling, ice, monitor VS & for shock, refer to MD, figure 8 brace, surgery may be req. for
severe fx
AC Joint Sprain - Answer -aka shoulder pointer, shoulder separation, receiver's
shoulder
Mech:
~ fall on tip of shoulder, FOOSH
S&S:
~ p!, point tenderness, possible deformity w/ Grade 2 & 3, loss of ROM
Tx:
~ ice, sling, refer to MD
SC Joint Dx - Answer -Mech:
~ FOOSH, fall on point of shoulder, DB, hyper-horizontal ABD
Posterior Dx can be LIFE THREATENING!!!
~ may impinge cardiac vessel, respiratory organ, etc.)
S&S:
~ p!, possible obvious deformity, point tenderness
Tx:
~ ice, activate EMS, monitor VS & breathing
GH Joint Dx - Answer -aka shoulder Dx
Humeral head can Dx in any direction
~ most common are anterior or anterior-inferior
