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Samenvatting - Geestelijke Gezondheidszorg

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Dit document is een samenvatting van het van Geestelijke Gezondheidszorg gedoceerd aan de KU Leuven Campus Brugge.

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Geestelijke gezondheidszorg
Inhoud
Hoofdstuk 1 – Inleiding.......................................................................................... 3
1. Psychopathologie en psychiatrie....................................................................3
1.1. Definities.................................................................................................. 3
1.2. Psychische functies..................................................................................3
1.3. Pathologie................................................................................................. 4
2. diagnostiek..................................................................................................... 4
2.1. Anamnese................................................................................................. 4
2.2. Psychiatrische diagnostiek.......................................................................6
2.3. Aanvullende onderzoeken........................................................................9
2.4. Psychiatrische classificatie.......................................................................9
Hoofdstuk 2: angst en dwang.............................................................................. 10
1. stresskwetsbaarheidsmodel.........................................................................11
1.1. Stresskwetsbaarheid.............................................................................. 11
2. basisbegrippen............................................................................................. 12
2.1. Classificatie............................................................................................ 12
2.2. Angst vs vrees........................................................................................ 12
3. KLINISCHE ziekte beelden............................................................................. 13
3.1. Specifieke fobieën..................................................................................13
3.2. Sociale angststoornis..............................................................................13
3.3. Paniekstoornis........................................................................................ 13
3.4. Agorafobie.............................................................................................. 14
3.5. Gegeneraliseerde angststoornis.............................................................14
4. neurobiologische aspecten...........................................................................14
4.1. Dual pathway model van angst..............................................................14
4.2. Neurochemie van angst..........................................................................14
5. epidemiologische aspecten..........................................................................15
6. comorbiditeit................................................................................................ 15
7. behandelingen.............................................................................................. 15
7.1. Electrische neuromodulatie....................................................................15
8. verloop.......................................................................................................... 15
8.1. Risicofactoren......................................................................................... 15
9. trauma en stress – behandelingen................................................................16

1

, 10. dwangstoornissen....................................................................................... 16
10.1. Klinische aspecten................................................................................16
Hoofdstuk 3: autisme, adhd en verslaving...........................................................17
1. autisme......................................................................................................... 17
1.1. Geschiedenis.......................................................................................... 17
1.2. Diagnose................................................................................................ 17
1.3. Epidemiologie......................................................................................... 17
1.4. Co-morbiditeit......................................................................................... 18
1.5. Neurocognitieve theorieën.....................................................................18
2. adhd............................................................................................................. 19
2.1. Diagnose................................................................................................ 19
2.2. Klinisch beeld......................................................................................... 19
2.3. Gedragsgenetica.................................................................................... 19
2.4. Verworven biologische...........................................................................19
2.5. Cognitieve ontregeling........................................................................... 19
2.6. Psychosociale factoren...........................................................................20
3. verslaving..................................................................................................... 20
3.1. Prevalentie............................................................................................. 20
Hoofdstuk 4: psychosen en bipolaire stoornis......................................................20
1. dimensie en begrippen.................................................................................20
2. PSYCHOSEN.................................................................................................. 22
2.1. Schizofrenie............................................................................................ 22
2.2. Bipolaire stoornis.................................................................................... 22
2.3. Schizoaffectieve stoornis........................................................................22
2.4. Perceptueel motorisch domein...............................................................22
3. hallucinaties................................................................................................. 23
3.1. Kenmerken............................................................................................. 23
3.2. Ervaring als p.......................................................................................... 23
Hoofdstuk 5: OCD en Tourette.............................................................................23
1. OCD.............................................................................................................. 23
2. Tourette (TS)................................................................................................ 24
3. KLINISCH VERLOOP – tourette......................................................................24




2

, Hoofdstuk 1 – Inleiding
1.PSYCHOPATHOLOGIE EN PSYCHIATRIE
1.1. Definities
PSYCHIATRIE: een medisch specialisme dat bestaat uit patiëntenzorg,
wetenschappelijk onderzoek en onderwijs van psychiatrische ziekten
PYCHIATRISCHE ZIEKTEN: zijn ziekten waarvan de klachten psychisch zijn,
gaan altijd gepaard met een klinisch significante lijden druk of beperkingen
in het functioneren (sociaal, beroepsmatig of op andere domeinen
OPM: er is altijd een samenhang tussen de geest en het lichaam
 Een psychiatrische aandoening of ziekte zal ook altijd gepaard gaan met
lichamelijke (somatische) klachten.
Bv: angst  zweten, benauwdheid…
Depressie  vermoeidheid, gewichtsafname, hypothyroïdie…
Bipolaire stoornis  hyperthyroïdie

1.2. Psychische functies
1.2.1. Interactie tussen individu en omgeving
DEF: de manier waarop een mens informatie uit de omgeving en het
eigen lichaam:
- Opneemt (=> bewust worden van de info uit de omgeving)
- Waardeert
- Weegt
- Toetst aan eerder ervaringen
 Er ontstaat automatisch of doelbewust gedrag
o Automatische beweging
o Gerichte handelingen op de omgeving
Bv: hallucinatie: het is iets wat niet in de omgeving is maar wel een invloed uit
het lichaam => interactie faalt.
Ketting aan reacties in het brein => nood aan verschillende neurale netwerken
=> complex
1) Opname van de info
2) Info toetsen aan ervaringen en motivatie
3) Informatie afwegen
4) Info waarderen
5) Automatische beweging
6) Gerichte handelingen
Verstoring van het zelfbewust zijn => storing in een schakel => geen
zelfherkenning meer




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