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Samenvatting - Orgaan fysiologie

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Dit is een samenvatting van het vak Orgaan Fysiologie vanuit KU Leuven Campus Brugge. Gedoceerd door I. Poelaert

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Orgaanfysiologie
Inhoud
Hoofdstuk 1: Bloed .............................................................................................................. 6
1. Functies van bloed ..................................................................................................... 6
1.1. Transport............................................................................................................ 6
1.2. Regulatie ............................................................................................................ 6
1.3. bescherming ...................................................................................................... 7
2. Samenstelling van bloed ............................................................................................. 7
2.1. Onderdelen ........................................................................................................ 7
2.2. Eigenschappen van bloed ................................................................................... 7
2.3. Bloedplasma ...................................................................................................... 8
3. Erythrocyten............................................................................................................... 9
3.1. Structurele eigenschappen ................................................................................. 9
3.2. Functie van erythrocyten ..................................................................................... 9
3.3. Productie van erythrocyten ................................................................................. 9
3.4. Regulatie en benodigdheden voor erytropoëse................................................... 10
3.5. Levenscyclus van een rode bloedcel ................................................................. 11
3.6. Ziekten rond RBC .............................................................................................. 11
4. Leukocyten .............................................................................................................. 13
4.1. Algemene structuur en functies......................................................................... 13
4.2. Granulocyten ................................................................................................... 14
4.3. Agranulocyten .................................................................................................. 14
4.4. Productie en levenscyclus van leukocyten ......................................................... 15
4.5. Klinische toepassing ......................................................................................... 15
5. Bloedplaatjes ........................................................................................................... 16
5.1. vorming van bloedplaatjes ................................................................................ 17
6. Alle gevormde cellen in het bloed .............................................................................. 17
7. Bloedstolling ............................................................................................................ 18
7.1. Vasculaire fase ................................................................................................. 18
7.2. Propvorming ..................................................................................................... 18
7.3. Stolling ............................................................................................................. 18
7.4. Retractie van het stolsel en fibrinolyse............................................................... 20
7.5. Factoren die normale vorming van het stolsel beperken ..................................... 20

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, 7.6. Factoren die ongewenste stolling voorkomen .................................................... 20
7.7. Stollingsstoornissen ......................................................................................... 20
Hoofdstuk 2: het cardiovasculair systeem ...................................................................... 22
1. Anatomie van het hart............................................................................................... 22
1.1. Pulmonale en systemische circuits ................................................................... 22
1.2. Locatie, grootte en oriëntatie van het hart .......................................................... 22
1.3. Bedekking van het hart ...................................................................................... 22
1.4. Lagen van de hartmuur ..................................................................................... 23
1.5. Kamers van het hart .......................................................................................... 23
2. Hartkleppen ............................................................................................................. 24
2) Semi lunaire kleppen : tussen de ventrikels en de grote vaten ................................ 24
2.1. Atrioventriculaire kleppen ................................................................................. 24
2.2. Semi lunaire kleppen ........................................................................................ 25
2.3. Klinische toepassing ......................................................................................... 25
3. Bloedstroom door het hart ........................................................................................ 25
3.1. Algemene circulatie .......................................................................................... 25
3.2. Coronaire circulatie .......................................................................................... 25
3.3. Klinische toepassing ......................................................................................... 26
4. Spiervezels van het hart ............................................................................................ 26
4.1. Spiercel van hart ............................................................................................... 26
4.2. Tussenliggende schijven ................................................................................... 27
4.3. Intracellulaire ruimte ........................................................................................ 27
4.4. Skeletspiercellen en hartspiercellen.................................................................. 27
5. Elektrische gebeurtenissen van het hart .................................................................... 29
5.1. Basis hartritme – intrinsiek conductie systeem .................................................. 29
5.2. Opeenvolging van polarisatie ............................................................................ 30
5.3. Klinische aandoening ........................................................................................ 30
5.4. Extrinsieke innervatie van het hart ..................................................................... 31
5.5. Actiepotentialen van de contractiele hartspiercellen ......................................... 31
5.6. Elektrocardiografie ........................................................................................... 32
6. Mechanische gebeurtenissen in het hart ................................................................... 32
6.1. Ventriculaire vullingsfase .................................................................................. 32
6.2. Ventriculaire systolische fase............................................................................ 32
6.3. Isovolumetrische relaxatie ................................................................................ 33

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, 6.4. Geluiden van het hart ........................................................................................ 33
7. Regulatie van de cardiale output ............................................................................... 34
7.1. Cardiale output (CO) ........................................................................................ 34
7.2. Regulatie van het slagvolume ............................................................................ 34
7.3. Regulatie hartslag ............................................................................................. 35
7.4. Klinisch – tachycardie en bradycardie ................................................................ 37
7.5. Schema regulatie van de cardiale output ........................................................... 37
Hoofdstuk 3: cardiovasculair systeem: bloedvaten ............................................................. 37
1. Structuur en functies van bloedvaten ........................................................................ 37
2. Structuur van de bloedvatwand ................................................................................ 38
2.1. tunica intima .................................................................................................... 38
2.2. tunica media .................................................................................................... 38
2.3. tunica externa .................................................................................................. 38
2.4. Wand van een arterie ........................................................................................ 38
2.5. Wand van een vene ........................................................................................... 39
3. Arteriën .................................................................................................................... 39
3.1. Elastische arterie .............................................................................................. 39
3.2. musculaire arteries ........................................................................................... 39
3.3. arteriolen ......................................................................................................... 40
4. capillairen ................................................................................................................ 40
4.1. Types capillairen............................................................................................... 40
4.2. Capillaire bedden ............................................................................................. 42
5. VENEN ..................................................................................................................... 42
5.1. Klinische toepassing – spataders....................................................................... 43
5.2. venen vs arteries ............................................................................................... 43
5.3. anastomose ..................................................................................................... 43
6. bloedstroom, bloeddruk en bloedweerstand ............................................................. 44
6.1. Perifere weerstand............................................................................................ 44
6.2. Bloedstroom bepaling ...................................................................................... 45
7. systemische bloeddruk ............................................................................................ 45
7.1. Arteriële bloeddruk ........................................................................................... 45
7.2. Capillaire druk .................................................................................................. 45
7.3. Veneuze bloeddruk ........................................................................................... 45
8. Regulatie van bloeddruk ........................................................................................... 46

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, 8.1. Korte termijn regulatie door neurale controle ..................................................... 46
8.2. Korte termijn regulatie door hormonale controle ................................................ 48
8.3. Lange termijn regulatie door renale controle ...................................................... 48
8.4. Belang van de regulatie ..................................................................................... 49
8.5. Samenvatting van de regulatie mechanismen .................................................... 49
8.6. Homeostatisch onevenwicht in bloeddruk ......................................................... 50
9. Controle van de bloedstroom.................................................................................... 51
9.1. Weefsel perfusie ............................................................................................... 51
9.2. Autoregulatie .................................................................................................... 52
9.3. Bloedtoevoer in specifieke gebieden ................................................................. 53
10. Capillaire uitwisseling........................................................................................... 55
10.1. Snelheid van de bloedstroom ............................................................................ 55
10.2. Beweging van vaten .......................................................................................... 55
10.3. Capillaire uitwisseling ....................................................................................... 55
10.4. Vloeistoftransport ............................................................................................. 56
10.5. Klinische toepassing: oedeem .......................................................................... 57
Hoofdstuk 4: respiratoir systeem ................................................................................... 57
1. bovenste respiratoir systeem .................................................................................... 57
1.1. Neus en paranasale sinussen ........................................................................... 57
2. onderste respiratoir systeem .................................................................................... 58
2.1. Zones ............................................................................................................... 58
2.2. Trachea ............................................................................................................ 58
2.3. De bronchi en de bronchiolen ........................................................................... 58
3. longen en pluerae ..................................................................................................... 59
3.1. Anatomie.......................................................................................................... 59
3.2. Bloedcirculatie ................................................................................................. 59
3.3. Pleura .............................................................................................................. 60
4. MECHANISCH PROCES VAN ADEMHALING .............................................................. 60
4.1. Druk verschillen in de thorax ............................................................................. 60
4.2. Pulmonale ventilatie ......................................................................................... 61
4.3. Fysische factoren die de pulmonale ventilatie beïnvloeden ................................ 62
5. ventilatie beoordelen ................................................................................................ 63
5.1. Ademhalingsvolume ......................................................................................... 63
5.2. Capaciteiten..................................................................................................... 63

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