THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTION Exam 7
Questions and Answers Latest 2025 A+
Overload principle
Increased pulse duration, amplitude, electrode size, external
resistance, higher load, higher force contraction, greater
strengthening.
Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES)
Stimulates intact peripheral nerves in patients with CNS damage.
Low level electrical current stimulates muscles, helping them
contract and improve muscle movement, especially in individuals
with neurological impairments.
Galvanotaxis
Movement of cells in response to electrical field, skin battery.
Negative electrode to promote healing of inflamed or infected
wounds. Positive electrode to promote healing of wounds without
inflammation.
Photobiomodulation (PBM)
Therapeutic application of electromagnetic radiation with
wavelengths in and around visible light.
Electromagnetic radiation (EMR)
Electric and magnetic fields that vary over time, oriented
perpendicular to each other
Laser
Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation
Light emitting diode (LED)
Semiconductor diode light source
Low-level laser therapy
Application of laser light for therapeutic purposes; AKA cold laser,
low-intensity, low-power, soft laser
Light
EMR in the visible range
Monochromatic
Made up of light that is only a single wavelength
,Coherent
In phase (Frequency of all waves is the same and identical in
phase)
Directional
Light that goes in one direction. Does not spread out or diverge
Gate control theory of pain
Person's perception of pain could be reduced by the application of
nonnociceptive stimuli, such as heat, touch, e-stim
Inhibitory interneurons
When non-nociceptive input reaches a sufficient intensity it
activates inhibitory interneurons in the SC and inhibits 'closes
gate to' transmission of nociception from the dorsal horn to brain
Sensory-level e-stim (high-rate TENS)
Can control pain by activating non-nociceptor A-beta nerves
Acute stage
Inflammation, m.
Motor-level e-stim (low-rate TENS)
Can control pain by stimulating the production and release of
endogenous opioids.
Gate control
A-beta inhibits transmission of nociceptive signals at spinal cord
level.
Cold hypersensitivity
Contraindication for cold therapy.
Cold intolerance
Contraindication for cold therapy.
Cryoglobulinemia
Contraindication for cold therapy.
Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria
Contraindication for cold therapy.
Raynaud
Contraindication for cold therapy.
Over regenerating peripheral nerves
Contraindication for cold therapy.
, Over an area with circulatory compromise or peripheral
vascular disease
Contraindication for cold therapy.
Over superficial main branch of nerve
Precaution for cold therapy.
Over an open wound
Precaution for cold therapy.
Hypertension
Precaution for cold therapy.
Poor sensation or mentation
Precaution for cold therapy.
Very young or old
Precaution for cold therapy.
Recent or potential hemorrhage
Contraindication for heat therapy.
Thrombosis
Contraindication for heat therapy.
Impaired sensation
Contraindication for heat therapy.
Impaired mentation
Contraindication for heat therapy.
Malignant tumor
Contraindication for heat therapy.
IR eradication of the eyes
Contraindication for heat therapy.
Acute injury or inflammation
Precaution for heat therapy.
Pregnancy
Precaution for heat therapy.
Impaired circulation
Precaution for heat therapy.
Poor thermal regulation
Precaution for heat therapy.
Edema
Precaution for heat therapy.
Questions and Answers Latest 2025 A+
Overload principle
Increased pulse duration, amplitude, electrode size, external
resistance, higher load, higher force contraction, greater
strengthening.
Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES)
Stimulates intact peripheral nerves in patients with CNS damage.
Low level electrical current stimulates muscles, helping them
contract and improve muscle movement, especially in individuals
with neurological impairments.
Galvanotaxis
Movement of cells in response to electrical field, skin battery.
Negative electrode to promote healing of inflamed or infected
wounds. Positive electrode to promote healing of wounds without
inflammation.
Photobiomodulation (PBM)
Therapeutic application of electromagnetic radiation with
wavelengths in and around visible light.
Electromagnetic radiation (EMR)
Electric and magnetic fields that vary over time, oriented
perpendicular to each other
Laser
Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation
Light emitting diode (LED)
Semiconductor diode light source
Low-level laser therapy
Application of laser light for therapeutic purposes; AKA cold laser,
low-intensity, low-power, soft laser
Light
EMR in the visible range
Monochromatic
Made up of light that is only a single wavelength
,Coherent
In phase (Frequency of all waves is the same and identical in
phase)
Directional
Light that goes in one direction. Does not spread out or diverge
Gate control theory of pain
Person's perception of pain could be reduced by the application of
nonnociceptive stimuli, such as heat, touch, e-stim
Inhibitory interneurons
When non-nociceptive input reaches a sufficient intensity it
activates inhibitory interneurons in the SC and inhibits 'closes
gate to' transmission of nociception from the dorsal horn to brain
Sensory-level e-stim (high-rate TENS)
Can control pain by activating non-nociceptor A-beta nerves
Acute stage
Inflammation, m.
Motor-level e-stim (low-rate TENS)
Can control pain by stimulating the production and release of
endogenous opioids.
Gate control
A-beta inhibits transmission of nociceptive signals at spinal cord
level.
Cold hypersensitivity
Contraindication for cold therapy.
Cold intolerance
Contraindication for cold therapy.
Cryoglobulinemia
Contraindication for cold therapy.
Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria
Contraindication for cold therapy.
Raynaud
Contraindication for cold therapy.
Over regenerating peripheral nerves
Contraindication for cold therapy.
, Over an area with circulatory compromise or peripheral
vascular disease
Contraindication for cold therapy.
Over superficial main branch of nerve
Precaution for cold therapy.
Over an open wound
Precaution for cold therapy.
Hypertension
Precaution for cold therapy.
Poor sensation or mentation
Precaution for cold therapy.
Very young or old
Precaution for cold therapy.
Recent or potential hemorrhage
Contraindication for heat therapy.
Thrombosis
Contraindication for heat therapy.
Impaired sensation
Contraindication for heat therapy.
Impaired mentation
Contraindication for heat therapy.
Malignant tumor
Contraindication for heat therapy.
IR eradication of the eyes
Contraindication for heat therapy.
Acute injury or inflammation
Precaution for heat therapy.
Pregnancy
Precaution for heat therapy.
Impaired circulation
Precaution for heat therapy.
Poor thermal regulation
Precaution for heat therapy.
Edema
Precaution for heat therapy.
