NUR445 Critical Care Exam 1 Questions & Answers Solved 100% Correct!!

NUR445 Critical Care Exam 1
What do delta cells secrete?
a. pancreatic polypeptide
b. insulin
c. glucagon
d. somatostatin
d. somatostatin

Somatostatin (decrease glucagon & insulin)

What do PP cells secrete?
a. pancreatic polypeptide
b. insulin
c. glucagon
d. somatostatin
a. pancreatic polypeptide




Glycated Hemoglobin A1C measures blood glucose for how many months?
It checks the blood glucose for the past 3-4 months (120 days)

What is a normal A1C for a non-diabetic?
< 5.4-5.6%

What is a normal A1C for a diabetic?
< 6.5%

A calculator of the difference between measurable extracellular plasma cations (Na+ &
K+) and the measurable anions (Cl- & HCO3-) is called?
a. the Ketotic cycle
b. Hyperosmotic filtration

,c. Anion Gap
d. Nephrogenic filtration
c. Anion Gap
A calculator of the difference between measurable extracellular plasma cations (Na+ &
K+) and the measurable anions (Cl- & HCO3-) is the anion gap

What should a fasting blood glucose be?
70-100mg/dL

What should a postprandial blood glucose be?
It should not exceed 180mg/dL




What does the anion gap represent?
a. represents the measurable amount of ions present in the extracellular fluid
b. represents the unmeasurable ions present in ht extracellular fluid
c. represents the measurable of ions present in the intracellular fluid
d. represents the unmeasurable of ions present in the intracellular fluid
b. represents the unmeasurable ions present in ht extracellular fluid

What is a normal anion gap range?
8-16 mEq/L

What is a High Anion Gap? What does this represent?
> 18 is high
It indicates metabolic acidosis. It effects over production or decreased exertion of
acid products

What is a Low Anion Gap? What does this represent?
< 8 is low
It indicates Metabolic Alkalosis

,Islets of Langerhans is groups of pancreatic cells secreting insulin and glucagon from
the pancreas. What are the names of the cells?
Alpha Cells
Beta Cells
Delta Cells
PP Cells

Which organ is involved in Glucose metabolism?
a. stomach
b. liver
c. intestines
d. pancreas
d. pancreas

The pancreas is involved in Glucose Metabolism

What do alpha cells excrete?
a. pancreatic polypeptide
b. insulin
c. glucagon
d. somatostatin
c. glucagon

Glucagon (released when sugar levels are low, released from the liver to raise blood
glucose levels). This is done through Gluconeogenesis from non-carbohydrates (proteins
& fat

What do beta cells secrete?
a. pancreatic polypeptide
b. insulin
c. glucagon
d. somatostatin
b. insulin

, Insulin (responsible for storage of carbohydrates, protein, fat, helps transport potassium
into cells too, helps lower blood glucose).

Diabetic Ketacidosis (DKA) is more often seen in:
a. Type 2 Diabetes
b. Cushing's Syndrome
c. Type 1 Diabetes
d. Myxedema
c. Type 1 Diabetes
These patients are insulin dependent - they don't produce insulin

What diagnostic criteria is needed to consider someone having DKA?
a. hypoglycemia
b. extremely high levels of plasma glucose w/ resulting elevations of serum osmolality
causing osmostic diuresis
c. hyperglycemia
d. extremely low levels of plasma glucose w/ resulting dip of serum osmolality causing
osmostic retention
c. hyperglycemia

The patient presents to the hospital with a blood glucose level of 400, their pH is 7.1,
HCO3 is 17. They have moderate-severe ketonemia & ketonuria. Their plasma osmolality
is 300. What is do you suspect is wrong with this patient?
a. HHS
b. SIADH
c. DI
d. DKA
d. DKA
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA): Type I Diabetes (Insulin Dependent-does not produce
Insulin)
Dx Criteria→ Hyperglycemia
BGL: >250mg/dL (alone, is not a definitive diagnosis)