NR 283 Pathophysiology Exam 1 Questions &
Answers New Solution
1. Neoplasia - ANS ✔ - New growth, commonly a tumor. May be malignant or benign
2. Apoptosis - ANS ✔ - Programmed cell death, normal occurrence in the body
3. Ischemia - ANS ✔ - Deficit of oxygen in the cells
4. Hypoxia - ANS ✔ - Reduced oxygen in the tissues
5. Iatrogenic - ANS ✔ - illness or disease process because a medical process was done ex: CAUTI
6. Autosomal Recessive Disorders - ANS ✔ - Has to have two recessive genes to have disease, only one
recessive gene to be carrier ex: Cystic fibrosis, PKU (phenylketonuria), Tay-Sachs
7. Etiology - ANS ✔ - Cause of particular disease on microscopic level
8. Pathogenesis - ANS ✔ - Story of how disease develops
9. Atrophy - ANS ✔ - Decrease in the size of the cells, results in reduced tissue mass
10. Hypertrophy - ANS ✔ - Increase in cell size, results in enlarged tissue mass
11. Hyperplasia - ANS ✔ - Increased number of cells, results in enlarged tissue mass
, 12. Metaplasia - ANS ✔ - Mature cell type is replaced by a different mature cell type, Ex: chronic
smokers, cells lose cilia
13. Dysplasia - ANS ✔ - Cells are different looking varying in size and shape
14. Cystic fibrosis - ANS ✔ - autosomal recessive disorder that causes thick mucous secretions
15. PKU (phenylketonuria) - ANS ✔ - autosomal recessive disorder that causes an inability to metabolize
phenylalanine. Can cause mental retardation. Pt must follow strict very low protein diet
16. Tay-Sachs - ANS ✔ - autosomal recessive disorder that causes an enzyme to not be produced causing
fatty proteins build up causing destruction of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord
17. Autosomal Dominant Disorders - ANS ✔ - Only takes one gene for disease to show. There are no
carriers, either have disease or don't. Marfan Syndrome, Huntington's, Familial
Hypercholesterolemia
18. Marfan Syndrome - ANS ✔ - Autosomal Dominant Disorder, causes long extremities, congenital
heart defects
19. Huntington's Disease - ANS ✔ - Autosomal Dominant Disorder, nerve cells break down over time,
causing involuntary movements
20. Familial Hypercholesterolemia - ANS ✔ - Autosomal Dominant Disorder, high cholesterol
21. X-Linked Disorders - ANS ✔ - Disorder carried on the x chromosome
22. Recessive X-Linked Disorders - ANS ✔ - Color blindness, more prominent in males, XcY male color
blind, XcXc female color blind. XcX not color blind only carrier.
23. Chromosomal Disorder - ANS ✔ - not inherited, theres a problem on the chromosome
Answers New Solution
1. Neoplasia - ANS ✔ - New growth, commonly a tumor. May be malignant or benign
2. Apoptosis - ANS ✔ - Programmed cell death, normal occurrence in the body
3. Ischemia - ANS ✔ - Deficit of oxygen in the cells
4. Hypoxia - ANS ✔ - Reduced oxygen in the tissues
5. Iatrogenic - ANS ✔ - illness or disease process because a medical process was done ex: CAUTI
6. Autosomal Recessive Disorders - ANS ✔ - Has to have two recessive genes to have disease, only one
recessive gene to be carrier ex: Cystic fibrosis, PKU (phenylketonuria), Tay-Sachs
7. Etiology - ANS ✔ - Cause of particular disease on microscopic level
8. Pathogenesis - ANS ✔ - Story of how disease develops
9. Atrophy - ANS ✔ - Decrease in the size of the cells, results in reduced tissue mass
10. Hypertrophy - ANS ✔ - Increase in cell size, results in enlarged tissue mass
11. Hyperplasia - ANS ✔ - Increased number of cells, results in enlarged tissue mass
, 12. Metaplasia - ANS ✔ - Mature cell type is replaced by a different mature cell type, Ex: chronic
smokers, cells lose cilia
13. Dysplasia - ANS ✔ - Cells are different looking varying in size and shape
14. Cystic fibrosis - ANS ✔ - autosomal recessive disorder that causes thick mucous secretions
15. PKU (phenylketonuria) - ANS ✔ - autosomal recessive disorder that causes an inability to metabolize
phenylalanine. Can cause mental retardation. Pt must follow strict very low protein diet
16. Tay-Sachs - ANS ✔ - autosomal recessive disorder that causes an enzyme to not be produced causing
fatty proteins build up causing destruction of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord
17. Autosomal Dominant Disorders - ANS ✔ - Only takes one gene for disease to show. There are no
carriers, either have disease or don't. Marfan Syndrome, Huntington's, Familial
Hypercholesterolemia
18. Marfan Syndrome - ANS ✔ - Autosomal Dominant Disorder, causes long extremities, congenital
heart defects
19. Huntington's Disease - ANS ✔ - Autosomal Dominant Disorder, nerve cells break down over time,
causing involuntary movements
20. Familial Hypercholesterolemia - ANS ✔ - Autosomal Dominant Disorder, high cholesterol
21. X-Linked Disorders - ANS ✔ - Disorder carried on the x chromosome
22. Recessive X-Linked Disorders - ANS ✔ - Color blindness, more prominent in males, XcY male color
blind, XcXc female color blind. XcX not color blind only carrier.
23. Chromosomal Disorder - ANS ✔ - not inherited, theres a problem on the chromosome
