NURS 502 - Littmann Lung content and smiles for life UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
1. Oxygen pathway nasal cavity, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
2. Lung ausculta- listen for:
tion -intensity, asymmetry in intensity, quality, length of inspiration, expiration, adven-
titious sounds.
-patients can be sitting, supine, prone, or lateral decubitus position
Bell = low frequency sounds
Diaphragm = high frequency
3. Lung ausculta-
tion landmarks
4. Chest examina- includes degree/symmetry of chest expansion, use of accessory muscles, rate,
tion rhythm, quality of percussion
5. bronchial breath loud, high-pitched, hollow sounds normally heard over the trachea and the large
sounds bronchi, (above Clavicles.)
Inspiration < expiration
6. Bronchovesicular Medium pitch, inspiration = expiration, Below clavicles (first and second intercostal
spaces)
7. Vesicular Soft, low-pitched, Inspiration > Expiration. Upper, mid zones
8. Wheeze Loud, high pitched, Expiratory but can be biphasic, listen
9. Rhonchi Course, low pitched, Expiratory but can be biphasic, often from secretions in larger
airways
10. Fine Crackle Quiet, high pitched, inspiratory, when previous collapsed alveoli suddenly reopen
,11. course crackle Loud, low-pitched, inspiratory but can be biphasic, arise from large bronchi
12. Adult Caries Risk factors include:
High bacterial counts
Family history of caries
Frequent consumption of sugar-containing foods and beverages
Inadequate fluoride
Poor oral hygiene practices and behaviors
Low socioeconomic status
mouth appliances
Accelerated by the burdens of the aging process, disease, and treatments.
Physical Disabilities
Xerostomia (dry mouth) places a patient at much higher caries risk
13. Root Caries In patients with advanced gingival recession or periodontal disease, the tooth roots become
progressively more exposed as gums recede, increasing the vulnerability to
caries.
Roots do not have protective enamel like crowns of teeth, so caries progresses
rapidly in the roots.
14. Gingivitis inflammation of the gingiva without destruction of the periodontal ligament or
bone, which distinguishes it from periodontitis.
-Symptoms
-Mild gum swelling
-Tenderness
-Erythema
, -Bleeding gums when brushing
-Bad breath or bad taste in the mouth
Etiology
-Bacteria and food residue (plaque) stick to teeth near the gumline and cause
irritation and inflammation of the gums
-Changes in hormone levels as a result of puberty, pregnancy, and diabetes can
modify the gingival response to plaque, resulting in increased gingivitis
-Oral foreign bodies such as popcorn kernels are a frequent culprit in acute gum
inflammation
15. Periodontitis marked inflammation of the gums that also involves degeneration of the dental
periosteum (tissues) and bone
leading cause of tooth loss in adults. 45% of all adults are affected to some degree.
Etiology
Chronic exposure of the periodontal tissues to bacterial plaque causes a chronic
inflammation leading to:
Destruction of the periodontal ligament, loss of supporting bone, tooth loosening,
and eventual tooth loss. Bone loss can be halted, but not reversed.
Smoking, diabetes, HIV, pregnancy, and poor oral hygiene all contribute to the
development of periodontitis.
Some forms of periodontitis are genetic. Individual risk is affected by many factors.
16.
Questions and CORRECT Answers
1. Oxygen pathway nasal cavity, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
2. Lung ausculta- listen for:
tion -intensity, asymmetry in intensity, quality, length of inspiration, expiration, adven-
titious sounds.
-patients can be sitting, supine, prone, or lateral decubitus position
Bell = low frequency sounds
Diaphragm = high frequency
3. Lung ausculta-
tion landmarks
4. Chest examina- includes degree/symmetry of chest expansion, use of accessory muscles, rate,
tion rhythm, quality of percussion
5. bronchial breath loud, high-pitched, hollow sounds normally heard over the trachea and the large
sounds bronchi, (above Clavicles.)
Inspiration < expiration
6. Bronchovesicular Medium pitch, inspiration = expiration, Below clavicles (first and second intercostal
spaces)
7. Vesicular Soft, low-pitched, Inspiration > Expiration. Upper, mid zones
8. Wheeze Loud, high pitched, Expiratory but can be biphasic, listen
9. Rhonchi Course, low pitched, Expiratory but can be biphasic, often from secretions in larger
airways
10. Fine Crackle Quiet, high pitched, inspiratory, when previous collapsed alveoli suddenly reopen
,11. course crackle Loud, low-pitched, inspiratory but can be biphasic, arise from large bronchi
12. Adult Caries Risk factors include:
High bacterial counts
Family history of caries
Frequent consumption of sugar-containing foods and beverages
Inadequate fluoride
Poor oral hygiene practices and behaviors
Low socioeconomic status
mouth appliances
Accelerated by the burdens of the aging process, disease, and treatments.
Physical Disabilities
Xerostomia (dry mouth) places a patient at much higher caries risk
13. Root Caries In patients with advanced gingival recession or periodontal disease, the tooth roots become
progressively more exposed as gums recede, increasing the vulnerability to
caries.
Roots do not have protective enamel like crowns of teeth, so caries progresses
rapidly in the roots.
14. Gingivitis inflammation of the gingiva without destruction of the periodontal ligament or
bone, which distinguishes it from periodontitis.
-Symptoms
-Mild gum swelling
-Tenderness
-Erythema
, -Bleeding gums when brushing
-Bad breath or bad taste in the mouth
Etiology
-Bacteria and food residue (plaque) stick to teeth near the gumline and cause
irritation and inflammation of the gums
-Changes in hormone levels as a result of puberty, pregnancy, and diabetes can
modify the gingival response to plaque, resulting in increased gingivitis
-Oral foreign bodies such as popcorn kernels are a frequent culprit in acute gum
inflammation
15. Periodontitis marked inflammation of the gums that also involves degeneration of the dental
periosteum (tissues) and bone
leading cause of tooth loss in adults. 45% of all adults are affected to some degree.
Etiology
Chronic exposure of the periodontal tissues to bacterial plaque causes a chronic
inflammation leading to:
Destruction of the periodontal ligament, loss of supporting bone, tooth loosening,
and eventual tooth loss. Bone loss can be halted, but not reversed.
Smoking, diabetes, HIV, pregnancy, and poor oral hygiene all contribute to the
development of periodontitis.
Some forms of periodontitis are genetic. Individual risk is affected by many factors.
16.
