Psych 381 - Psyc of Adult Development Questions With
Complete Solutions
2 Neuroimaging techniques Correct Answer Structural and
functional neuroimaging
3 forces that interact to produce developmental change over the
lifespan Correct Answer 1. Normative age-graded influences:
experiences caused by biological, psychological, and
sociocultural forces that occur to most people of a particular age
(ex. Puberty)
2. Normative history-graded influences: events that most people
in a specific culture experience at the same time (ex. pandemics,
stereotypes, changing social attitudes)
3. Nonnormative influences: random or rare events that may be
important for a specific individual but are not experienced by
most people. (ex. lottery)
3 Types of Designs for Research Correct Answer
Experimental, correlational, case studies
3 Ways to Measure Adult Development Correct Answer 1.
Systematic Observation - Watching ppl and recording what they
say or do
2. Sampling behavior with tasks - create tasks that are thought to
sample the behavior of interest + observe/record
3. Self-Reports - people's answers to questions about the topic of
interest, Written = questionnaire, Verbal = interview
,4 Criticisms to Baltes View Correct Answer 1. As people age,
they show an age-related reduction in the amount and quality of
biologically based resources.
2. There is an age-related increase in the amount and quality of
culture needed to generate continuously higher growth. Usually
results in a net slowing of growth as people age.
3. People show an age-related decline in the efficiency with
which they use cultural resources.
4. There is a lack of cultural, "old-age friendly" support
structures
4 designs for studying development Correct Answer 1. Age,
cohort, and time of measurement
2. Cross sectional designs
3. Longitudinal designs
4. Sequential designs
4 Principles of the Lifespan Perceptive (from Paul Baltes)
Correct Answer 1. Mutltidirectionality: Development involves
both growth and decline; as people grow in one area, they may
lose in another and at different rates
2. Plasticity: Many skills can be trained or improved with
practice, even in late life (capacity not predetermined)
3. Historical Context:Each of us develops within a particular set
of circumstances determined by the historical time in which we
are born and the culture in which we grow up
4. Multiple Causation: How people develop results from a wide
variety of forces
, Acetylcholine Correct Answer Involved in arousal, sensory
perception, and sustaining attention. Damage to areas using
acetylcholine results in memory decline (such as in Alzheimer's)
Activation Imaging Approach Correct Answer attempts to
directly link functional brain activity with cognitive behavioral
data using fMRI
Advantages to cross sectional studies Correct Answer Time
and cost effective
Age Effects Correct Answer differences caused by underlying
processes, such as biological, psychological, or sociocultural
changes
Age Related Changes in Neurons Correct Answer As we age,
the number of neurons in the brain declines. Structural changes
include decreases in the size and number of dendrites, the
development of tangles in the fibers that make up the axon, and
increases in the deposit of certain proteins. The number of
potential connections also declines, as measured by the number
of synapses among neurons.
Ageism Correct Answer A form of discrimination against
older adults based on their age
Aging Demographic Trends USA+CAD Correct Answer -
Larger portion of population is reaching old age
- Our life spans are extending
- More men are living longer
- Number of ethnic minority elderly are increasing
Complete Solutions
2 Neuroimaging techniques Correct Answer Structural and
functional neuroimaging
3 forces that interact to produce developmental change over the
lifespan Correct Answer 1. Normative age-graded influences:
experiences caused by biological, psychological, and
sociocultural forces that occur to most people of a particular age
(ex. Puberty)
2. Normative history-graded influences: events that most people
in a specific culture experience at the same time (ex. pandemics,
stereotypes, changing social attitudes)
3. Nonnormative influences: random or rare events that may be
important for a specific individual but are not experienced by
most people. (ex. lottery)
3 Types of Designs for Research Correct Answer
Experimental, correlational, case studies
3 Ways to Measure Adult Development Correct Answer 1.
Systematic Observation - Watching ppl and recording what they
say or do
2. Sampling behavior with tasks - create tasks that are thought to
sample the behavior of interest + observe/record
3. Self-Reports - people's answers to questions about the topic of
interest, Written = questionnaire, Verbal = interview
,4 Criticisms to Baltes View Correct Answer 1. As people age,
they show an age-related reduction in the amount and quality of
biologically based resources.
2. There is an age-related increase in the amount and quality of
culture needed to generate continuously higher growth. Usually
results in a net slowing of growth as people age.
3. People show an age-related decline in the efficiency with
which they use cultural resources.
4. There is a lack of cultural, "old-age friendly" support
structures
4 designs for studying development Correct Answer 1. Age,
cohort, and time of measurement
2. Cross sectional designs
3. Longitudinal designs
4. Sequential designs
4 Principles of the Lifespan Perceptive (from Paul Baltes)
Correct Answer 1. Mutltidirectionality: Development involves
both growth and decline; as people grow in one area, they may
lose in another and at different rates
2. Plasticity: Many skills can be trained or improved with
practice, even in late life (capacity not predetermined)
3. Historical Context:Each of us develops within a particular set
of circumstances determined by the historical time in which we
are born and the culture in which we grow up
4. Multiple Causation: How people develop results from a wide
variety of forces
, Acetylcholine Correct Answer Involved in arousal, sensory
perception, and sustaining attention. Damage to areas using
acetylcholine results in memory decline (such as in Alzheimer's)
Activation Imaging Approach Correct Answer attempts to
directly link functional brain activity with cognitive behavioral
data using fMRI
Advantages to cross sectional studies Correct Answer Time
and cost effective
Age Effects Correct Answer differences caused by underlying
processes, such as biological, psychological, or sociocultural
changes
Age Related Changes in Neurons Correct Answer As we age,
the number of neurons in the brain declines. Structural changes
include decreases in the size and number of dendrites, the
development of tangles in the fibers that make up the axon, and
increases in the deposit of certain proteins. The number of
potential connections also declines, as measured by the number
of synapses among neurons.
Ageism Correct Answer A form of discrimination against
older adults based on their age
Aging Demographic Trends USA+CAD Correct Answer -
Larger portion of population is reaching old age
- Our life spans are extending
- More men are living longer
- Number of ethnic minority elderly are increasing
