CFT-FINAL EXAM 2025/2026 LATEST UPDATE WITH
100% CORRECT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS A+
GUARANTEED
What are the relative contraindications of stress testing (may be tested only after careful consideration
and full assessment of complications) -CORRECT ANSWERAV block
tachycardias
Moderate aortic stenosis
pulmonary vascular hypertension
essential hypertension
cardiomyopathy
treated congestive heart failure
reduced exercise capacity What are 12-lead ECG used for -CORRECT ANSWERTo indentify ST-segment &
T-wave changes associated with myocardial ischemia, injury and infarction
What are the Indications for 12 lead ECG -CORRECT ANSWERabdominal/epigastric pain
dysrhythmia interpretation
chest pain or discomfort
dizziness
SOB
medication overdose
right/ left ventricular failure
stoke
What are the standard Limb Leads -CORRECT ANSWERLateral I
Inferior II
Inferior III
,What are the augmented limb leads -CORRECT ANSWERAVR: No view
AVL: Lateral
AVF: Inferior
What are the chest leads -CORRECT ANSWERV1: septum
V2: septum
V3: Anterior
V4: Anterior
V5: Lateral
V6: Lateral
What is a vector -CORRECT ANSWERIdentifies the average of depolarization waves in one portion of the
heart
Mean P vector -CORRECT ANSWERThe average magnitude and direction of both right and left atrial
depolarization
Mean QRS vector -CORRECT ANSWERThe average magnitude and direction of both right and left
ventricular depolarization but the left is larger. The mean QRS vector points down and left
Mean axis -CORRECT ANSWERAverage direct of a mean vector
only identified in the frontal plane
Axis of a lead -CORRECT ANSWERAn imaginary line joining the positive and negative electrodes of a lead
Electrical axis -CORRECT ANSWERdetermining the direction in which the main vector of depolarization Is
pointed
, Hexaxial reference system -CORRECT ANSWERrepresents all of the frontal plane limb leads with the
heart at the centre
What degrees does the hexaxial system form -CORRECT ANSWER360 degree circle
Normal Axis deviation -CORRECT ANSWERLead I +
AVF +
Right axis deviation -CORRECT ANSWERLead I -
AVF+
Extreme right axis deviation (NorthWest) -CORRECT ANSWERLead I -
AVF -
Left axis deviation -CORRECT ANSWERLead I +
AVF -
What are some possibilities of axis shift -CORRECT ANSWERVentricular hypertrophy
infarcted tissue
Conduction problems
Conduction blocks
Position in the chest
How can ventricular hypertrophy cause an axis shift -CORRECT ANSWERaxis deviates to the side that is
larger
How can Infarcted tissue cause a axis shift -CORRECT ANSWERNo electrical activity is registered and the
QRS vector turns away from the infarcted tissue C
100% CORRECT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS A+
GUARANTEED
What are the relative contraindications of stress testing (may be tested only after careful consideration
and full assessment of complications) -CORRECT ANSWERAV block
tachycardias
Moderate aortic stenosis
pulmonary vascular hypertension
essential hypertension
cardiomyopathy
treated congestive heart failure
reduced exercise capacity What are 12-lead ECG used for -CORRECT ANSWERTo indentify ST-segment &
T-wave changes associated with myocardial ischemia, injury and infarction
What are the Indications for 12 lead ECG -CORRECT ANSWERabdominal/epigastric pain
dysrhythmia interpretation
chest pain or discomfort
dizziness
SOB
medication overdose
right/ left ventricular failure
stoke
What are the standard Limb Leads -CORRECT ANSWERLateral I
Inferior II
Inferior III
,What are the augmented limb leads -CORRECT ANSWERAVR: No view
AVL: Lateral
AVF: Inferior
What are the chest leads -CORRECT ANSWERV1: septum
V2: septum
V3: Anterior
V4: Anterior
V5: Lateral
V6: Lateral
What is a vector -CORRECT ANSWERIdentifies the average of depolarization waves in one portion of the
heart
Mean P vector -CORRECT ANSWERThe average magnitude and direction of both right and left atrial
depolarization
Mean QRS vector -CORRECT ANSWERThe average magnitude and direction of both right and left
ventricular depolarization but the left is larger. The mean QRS vector points down and left
Mean axis -CORRECT ANSWERAverage direct of a mean vector
only identified in the frontal plane
Axis of a lead -CORRECT ANSWERAn imaginary line joining the positive and negative electrodes of a lead
Electrical axis -CORRECT ANSWERdetermining the direction in which the main vector of depolarization Is
pointed
, Hexaxial reference system -CORRECT ANSWERrepresents all of the frontal plane limb leads with the
heart at the centre
What degrees does the hexaxial system form -CORRECT ANSWER360 degree circle
Normal Axis deviation -CORRECT ANSWERLead I +
AVF +
Right axis deviation -CORRECT ANSWERLead I -
AVF+
Extreme right axis deviation (NorthWest) -CORRECT ANSWERLead I -
AVF -
Left axis deviation -CORRECT ANSWERLead I +
AVF -
What are some possibilities of axis shift -CORRECT ANSWERVentricular hypertrophy
infarcted tissue
Conduction problems
Conduction blocks
Position in the chest
How can ventricular hypertrophy cause an axis shift -CORRECT ANSWERaxis deviates to the side that is
larger
How can Infarcted tissue cause a axis shift -CORRECT ANSWERNo electrical activity is registered and the
QRS vector turns away from the infarcted tissue C
