cerebral blood flow
CBF
50-60 mL / 100 g / min
cerebral blood volume
CBV
4-5 mL / 100 g
platelet count 140k-440k per uL of blood
International Normalized Ratio
INR
0.8-1.2
partial thromboplastin time
PTT
25-35 seconds
BUN 7-25 mg / dL
creatinine 0.5-1.5 mg / dL
GFR (men) 70 +/- 14
GFR (women) 60 +/- 10
prothrombin time
PT
12-15 seconds
max IV contrast for a child shouldn't exceed 3 mL / kg of body weight
excretion half-life of IV contrast 1-2 hours
barium sulfate concentration 1-3%
water-soluble oral contrast for abdomen/pelvis should
2-5
contain % iodine
high-osmolar contrast = mOsm / kg of water 1000-2400
diabetes
myoloma
risk factors for contrast-induced nephrotoxicity (CIN)
cardiac disease
advanced age
, arterial phase
portal/hepatic venous phase
hepatic contrast enhancement phases
equilibrium phase
delayed phase
25-35 seconds
arterial phase of hepatic contrast enhancement
hypervascular tumors
portal/hepatic venous phase of hepatic contrast enhance- 60-70 seconds
ment hypovascular lesions & masses
equilibrium phase of hepatic contrast enhancement 2-3 minutes
5-20 minutes
delayed phase of hepatic contrast enhancement
hemangioma
corticomedullary phase
kidney contrast enhancement phases nephrographic phase
excretory phase
30-40 seconds
corticomedullary phase of kidney contrast enhancement
renal cortex & renal veins
70-90 seconds
nephrographic phase of kidney contrast enhancement
parenchymal lesions
3-5 minutes
excretory phase of kidney contrast enhancement
renal pelvis, ureters, bladder
disc soft center nucleus pulposus
disc firm outer annulus fibrosus
normal liver = HU greater than spleen 10
duodenum
pancreas
retroperitoneal organs
adrenal glands
kidneys