NMTCB Review UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT Answers
NRC Nuclear Regulatory Commission
DOT Department of Transportation
Type A Packaging Adequate for normal transport
Type B Packaging Used for large quantities of radioactivity
What type of packaging is used for routine transport of
Type A
radio pharmaceuticals?
Measured dose rate, package surface, 1 m from the sur-
Categories for labeling Type A packages
face
TI Transport Index
Transport index Dose rate measured at 1 m from the surface
-No more than 0.5 mR/h at surface
DOT 1 (white)
-NDR at 1 m
-No more than 50 mR/h at surface
DOT 2 (yellow)
-No more than 1 mR/h at 1 m
-No more than 200 mR/h at surface
DOT 3 (yellow)
-No more than 10 mR/h at 1 m
FDA Food and Drug Administration
IND Investigational New Drug
What does a radio pharmaceutical need to be distribute
NDA
for sale?
NDA New Drug Authorization
A drug under investigation for future approval IND
3 factors in reducing external radiation exposure Time, distance, shielding
Total dose= (Dose rate)(Time)
Inverse square law= (I1)(D1)^2=(I2)(D2)^2
, Shielding for alpha particles Sheet of paper
Shielding for beta particles Plastic or lucite
Why should lead shielding not be used for beta emitters? Creates bremmstrahlung
Radiation resulting from deceleration of beta particles as
Bremsstrahlung they approach the nuclei of the lead atoms-released as x
rays
HVL Half value layer
The amount of bremsstrahlung with the
Increases
density of the material that the beta particles pass
The thickness of a material required to reduce the radia-
Half value layer
tion intensity to half its original value
Energy of positron emitters 511 keV
When measuring radiation exposures of 10 mrem to sev-
When are film badges affective?
eral hundred rem
3 or 4 filters of different material (lead, copper, aluminum,
What is a film badge made of?
plastic)
TLD Thermolumimescent dosimeters
Why would a TLD be better than a film badge? It is not affected by environmental conditions
Example of a TLD Ring badge
How does an optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter
Uses aluminum oxide to detect radiation
work?
What is more sensitive, a film badge or OSL? OSL
TEDE Total effective dose equivalent
DDE Deep dose equivalent
CEDE Committed effective dose equivalent
Define TEDE Sum of DDE and CEDE
2/9
NRC Nuclear Regulatory Commission
DOT Department of Transportation
Type A Packaging Adequate for normal transport
Type B Packaging Used for large quantities of radioactivity
What type of packaging is used for routine transport of
Type A
radio pharmaceuticals?
Measured dose rate, package surface, 1 m from the sur-
Categories for labeling Type A packages
face
TI Transport Index
Transport index Dose rate measured at 1 m from the surface
-No more than 0.5 mR/h at surface
DOT 1 (white)
-NDR at 1 m
-No more than 50 mR/h at surface
DOT 2 (yellow)
-No more than 1 mR/h at 1 m
-No more than 200 mR/h at surface
DOT 3 (yellow)
-No more than 10 mR/h at 1 m
FDA Food and Drug Administration
IND Investigational New Drug
What does a radio pharmaceutical need to be distribute
NDA
for sale?
NDA New Drug Authorization
A drug under investigation for future approval IND
3 factors in reducing external radiation exposure Time, distance, shielding
Total dose= (Dose rate)(Time)
Inverse square law= (I1)(D1)^2=(I2)(D2)^2
, Shielding for alpha particles Sheet of paper
Shielding for beta particles Plastic or lucite
Why should lead shielding not be used for beta emitters? Creates bremmstrahlung
Radiation resulting from deceleration of beta particles as
Bremsstrahlung they approach the nuclei of the lead atoms-released as x
rays
HVL Half value layer
The amount of bremsstrahlung with the
Increases
density of the material that the beta particles pass
The thickness of a material required to reduce the radia-
Half value layer
tion intensity to half its original value
Energy of positron emitters 511 keV
When measuring radiation exposures of 10 mrem to sev-
When are film badges affective?
eral hundred rem
3 or 4 filters of different material (lead, copper, aluminum,
What is a film badge made of?
plastic)
TLD Thermolumimescent dosimeters
Why would a TLD be better than a film badge? It is not affected by environmental conditions
Example of a TLD Ring badge
How does an optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter
Uses aluminum oxide to detect radiation
work?
What is more sensitive, a film badge or OSL? OSL
TEDE Total effective dose equivalent
DDE Deep dose equivalent
CEDE Committed effective dose equivalent
Define TEDE Sum of DDE and CEDE
2/9
