1
CASA ATPL AHUF ACTUAL 2025/2026
QUESTIONS AND 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS
BMI formula - (ANSWER)weight (kg) / height (m^2)
Most common cause of pilot incapacitation - (ANSWER)Food and drink poisoning
Most comfortable temperature range and relative humidity range - (ANSWER)21-
27 degrees C at 40-60% relative humidity
Definition of heat stress type 1 and remedy - (ANSWER)Operating above 32 degs
C best remedied by drinking water.
Definition of heat stress type 2 - (ANSWER)Too much sun through sunbathing,
inadequate protection or liquid intake
Definition of heat stress type 3 - (ANSWER)Temperatures below 10 degs C. Body
loses more body heat than it can produce resulting in hypothermia (cognitive
impairment, apathy, unconsciousness and ultimately death)
Early sensation of dehydration - (ANSWER)Dry nasal passage and prickly eyes
Hours of non-flying required after a blood donation - (ANSWER)24 hours
,2
Define (otic) Barotrauma - (ANSWER)Stretching of ear drum due to uneven air
pressures between middle ear and ambient. (NO! Any pain caused due to
pressure differential)
Effect of (otic) barotrauma - (ANSWER)Pressure vertigo of ear/balance
mechanism causing dizziness
What does the Valsave manoeuvre do? - (ANSWER)Forces air via Eustascian Tube
into middle ear to increase pressure equal to ambient
What are sinuses? - (ANSWER)Cavities in the skull that are lined with a mucus
membrane that can swell to block venting. Aggravated by pressure differential
during descent.
Litres of body fluids lost during a hot day - (ANSWER)5
Effect of eating green vegetables prior to flight - (ANSWER)Expansion/release of
gases in digestive system due to low ambient pressure
Alcohol consumed with food increases rate of alcohol absorption or rate of
alcohol removal? - (ANSWER)Only increase alcohol absorption. Rate of alcohol
removal cannot be changed.
,3
Percentage of alcohol break down in liver compared to other mechanism
(including respiration, expiration and urine). - (ANSWER)90% in liver. 10%
through respiration, expiration and urine.
Standard drink units of alcohol metabolised per hour in an adult male. -
(ANSWER)1 standard drink.
Number of hours alcohol is present in brain after consumption. - (ANSWER)24
hours.
Recommended maximum number of standard drinks 24 hours prior to flight. -
(ANSWER)1-2 standard drinks.
Maximum recommended standard drinks consumed a week for a male and
female. - (ANSWER)21-28 standard drinks for a male and 14-21 standard drinks
for a female.
Definition of "analgesic" medication. - (ANSWER)Painkiller
Definition of "antihistamine" medication. - (ANSWER)Clears up congestion.
Definition of "ephedrine" medication. - (ANSWER)Nasal sprays.
, 4
Definition of hyperventilation. - (ANSWER)Excessive breathing causing removal of
too much carbon dioxide from blood.
Fraction of standard atmospheric pressure at 18000ft? - (ANSWER)Half.
Air expands in cavities and vents into the nasal regions during a climb or descent?
- (ANSWER)Climb.
When 30m (100ft) below water, how many times the standard atmospheric
pressure is experienced? - (ANSWER)Twice.
Typical foods to avoid when flying due to bloating. - (ANSWER)Beer, cabbage and
beans.
What gas is present in the blood under high pressure in scuba? Ascending quickly
will release pressure and the gas will come out of solution like soft drink leading
to first symptoms felt in joints and muscles. Then bubbling in brain and spinal
cord will result in tingling sensation. - (ANSWER)Nitrogen.
The 'Bends' or decompression sickness is the result of air rupturing lungs as it
expands and absorbs directly into blood. Oxygen contaminated blood causes
unconsciousness or death. At what altitude can the 'Bends' affect you soon after a
scuba dive? - (ANSWER)8000ft.
How much rest required after a dive that requires no stops? - (ANSWER)4 hours.
CASA ATPL AHUF ACTUAL 2025/2026
QUESTIONS AND 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS
BMI formula - (ANSWER)weight (kg) / height (m^2)
Most common cause of pilot incapacitation - (ANSWER)Food and drink poisoning
Most comfortable temperature range and relative humidity range - (ANSWER)21-
27 degrees C at 40-60% relative humidity
Definition of heat stress type 1 and remedy - (ANSWER)Operating above 32 degs
C best remedied by drinking water.
Definition of heat stress type 2 - (ANSWER)Too much sun through sunbathing,
inadequate protection or liquid intake
Definition of heat stress type 3 - (ANSWER)Temperatures below 10 degs C. Body
loses more body heat than it can produce resulting in hypothermia (cognitive
impairment, apathy, unconsciousness and ultimately death)
Early sensation of dehydration - (ANSWER)Dry nasal passage and prickly eyes
Hours of non-flying required after a blood donation - (ANSWER)24 hours
,2
Define (otic) Barotrauma - (ANSWER)Stretching of ear drum due to uneven air
pressures between middle ear and ambient. (NO! Any pain caused due to
pressure differential)
Effect of (otic) barotrauma - (ANSWER)Pressure vertigo of ear/balance
mechanism causing dizziness
What does the Valsave manoeuvre do? - (ANSWER)Forces air via Eustascian Tube
into middle ear to increase pressure equal to ambient
What are sinuses? - (ANSWER)Cavities in the skull that are lined with a mucus
membrane that can swell to block venting. Aggravated by pressure differential
during descent.
Litres of body fluids lost during a hot day - (ANSWER)5
Effect of eating green vegetables prior to flight - (ANSWER)Expansion/release of
gases in digestive system due to low ambient pressure
Alcohol consumed with food increases rate of alcohol absorption or rate of
alcohol removal? - (ANSWER)Only increase alcohol absorption. Rate of alcohol
removal cannot be changed.
,3
Percentage of alcohol break down in liver compared to other mechanism
(including respiration, expiration and urine). - (ANSWER)90% in liver. 10%
through respiration, expiration and urine.
Standard drink units of alcohol metabolised per hour in an adult male. -
(ANSWER)1 standard drink.
Number of hours alcohol is present in brain after consumption. - (ANSWER)24
hours.
Recommended maximum number of standard drinks 24 hours prior to flight. -
(ANSWER)1-2 standard drinks.
Maximum recommended standard drinks consumed a week for a male and
female. - (ANSWER)21-28 standard drinks for a male and 14-21 standard drinks
for a female.
Definition of "analgesic" medication. - (ANSWER)Painkiller
Definition of "antihistamine" medication. - (ANSWER)Clears up congestion.
Definition of "ephedrine" medication. - (ANSWER)Nasal sprays.
, 4
Definition of hyperventilation. - (ANSWER)Excessive breathing causing removal of
too much carbon dioxide from blood.
Fraction of standard atmospheric pressure at 18000ft? - (ANSWER)Half.
Air expands in cavities and vents into the nasal regions during a climb or descent?
- (ANSWER)Climb.
When 30m (100ft) below water, how many times the standard atmospheric
pressure is experienced? - (ANSWER)Twice.
Typical foods to avoid when flying due to bloating. - (ANSWER)Beer, cabbage and
beans.
What gas is present in the blood under high pressure in scuba? Ascending quickly
will release pressure and the gas will come out of solution like soft drink leading
to first symptoms felt in joints and muscles. Then bubbling in brain and spinal
cord will result in tingling sensation. - (ANSWER)Nitrogen.
The 'Bends' or decompression sickness is the result of air rupturing lungs as it
expands and absorbs directly into blood. Oxygen contaminated blood causes
unconsciousness or death. At what altitude can the 'Bends' affect you soon after a
scuba dive? - (ANSWER)8000ft.
How much rest required after a dive that requires no stops? - (ANSWER)4 hours.
