GNRS 588 Exam 2 Questions With Correct
Answers
What |is |the |effect |of |preload |on |Cardiac |Output? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-CO |increases |as |
preload |increases |(to |an |extent)
How |do |you |get |an |acceptable |SVO2? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Subtract |30 |from |SpO2
What |causes |hyperkalemia? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Rhabdomyolysis
Excessive |K+ |administration |
Renal |Failure
ACE |inhibitors |and |ARBs |(with |preexisting |condition)
What |does |hyperkalemia |do |to |an |EKG? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Peak |T |wave, |leads |to |V |Fib |
and |cardiac |stand |still
Treatment |of |hyperkalemia: |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Acute: |IV |insulin |(given |with |glucose):
Kayexalate |
Hemodialysis
Causes |of |hypokalemia: |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-GI |losses
Diuretic |Therapy
Chronic |Steroid |therapy
What |does |hypokalemia |do |to |EKG? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Flatten |T |wave |
Causes |PVCs |eventually |Vtach |to |Vfib
,Treatment |of |hypokalemia |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-IV |potassium |(slowly)
Lab |Values |for |Potassium |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-3.5-5 |mg/dL
Hypercalcemia |causes |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Bone |malignancy |
Primary |hyperparathyroidism |
Excessive |anti |acid |intake
What |does |hypercalcemia |do |to |an |EKG? |Physical |manifestations? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-
Short |ST |segment
Bradycardia
Heart |Blocks
Confusion, |Lethargy, |coma
Treatment |of |Hypercalcemia |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Promotion |of |renal |excretion |by |diuretics
High |Volume |NS |via |IV
Hemodialysis
Hypocalcemia |causes |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Packed |RBC |transfusions
Critical |Illness
What |does |hypocalcemia |do |to |EKG?
Clinical |Manifestations? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Long |ST |segment
Bradycardia
, V |fib |to |arrest |
Clinical |manifestations: |muscle |cramps
Tetany
Low |cardiac |output
Chvostek |and |trousseau |sign
Lab |values |for |calcium |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-4.0-4.8
Hypomagnesemia |lab |value |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-1.5 |mEq/L
Treatment |for |hypocalcemia |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-IV |calcium
causes |of |hypomagnesemia |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Usually |with |other |electrolyte |imbalance
Diuresis |
Vomiting/ |diarrhea
Proton |pump |inhibitors
What |does |hypomagnesemia |do |to |an |EKG? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Prolonged |PR |and |QT
Presence |of |U |wave
T |wave |flattening |
Causes |Torsades |des |pointes
Treatment |for |hypomagnesemia |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Magnesium |IV
What |is |the |longest |lasting |Cardiac |bio |marker? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Troponin |T |(14 |days)
Answers
What |is |the |effect |of |preload |on |Cardiac |Output? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-CO |increases |as |
preload |increases |(to |an |extent)
How |do |you |get |an |acceptable |SVO2? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Subtract |30 |from |SpO2
What |causes |hyperkalemia? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Rhabdomyolysis
Excessive |K+ |administration |
Renal |Failure
ACE |inhibitors |and |ARBs |(with |preexisting |condition)
What |does |hyperkalemia |do |to |an |EKG? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Peak |T |wave, |leads |to |V |Fib |
and |cardiac |stand |still
Treatment |of |hyperkalemia: |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Acute: |IV |insulin |(given |with |glucose):
Kayexalate |
Hemodialysis
Causes |of |hypokalemia: |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-GI |losses
Diuretic |Therapy
Chronic |Steroid |therapy
What |does |hypokalemia |do |to |EKG? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Flatten |T |wave |
Causes |PVCs |eventually |Vtach |to |Vfib
,Treatment |of |hypokalemia |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-IV |potassium |(slowly)
Lab |Values |for |Potassium |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-3.5-5 |mg/dL
Hypercalcemia |causes |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Bone |malignancy |
Primary |hyperparathyroidism |
Excessive |anti |acid |intake
What |does |hypercalcemia |do |to |an |EKG? |Physical |manifestations? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-
Short |ST |segment
Bradycardia
Heart |Blocks
Confusion, |Lethargy, |coma
Treatment |of |Hypercalcemia |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Promotion |of |renal |excretion |by |diuretics
High |Volume |NS |via |IV
Hemodialysis
Hypocalcemia |causes |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Packed |RBC |transfusions
Critical |Illness
What |does |hypocalcemia |do |to |EKG?
Clinical |Manifestations? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Long |ST |segment
Bradycardia
, V |fib |to |arrest |
Clinical |manifestations: |muscle |cramps
Tetany
Low |cardiac |output
Chvostek |and |trousseau |sign
Lab |values |for |calcium |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-4.0-4.8
Hypomagnesemia |lab |value |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-1.5 |mEq/L
Treatment |for |hypocalcemia |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-IV |calcium
causes |of |hypomagnesemia |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Usually |with |other |electrolyte |imbalance
Diuresis |
Vomiting/ |diarrhea
Proton |pump |inhibitors
What |does |hypomagnesemia |do |to |an |EKG? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Prolonged |PR |and |QT
Presence |of |U |wave
T |wave |flattening |
Causes |Torsades |des |pointes
Treatment |for |hypomagnesemia |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Magnesium |IV
What |is |the |longest |lasting |Cardiac |bio |marker? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Troponin |T |(14 |days)
