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Samenvatting Chemie - Organische Stoffen

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Dit document Chemie – Organische Stoffen is een duidelijke samenvatting van de basis van de organische chemie. Het behandelt de systematische naamgeving van stoffen, van methaan tot decaan, met duidelijke uitleg over functionele groepen zoals alkanen, alkenen, alcoholen en carbonzuren. Daarnaast worden de belangrijkste eigenschappen van deze stoffen overzichtelijk weergegeven, zoals oplosbaarheid, brandbaarheid en zuur- of basiskarakter, telkens aangevuld met praktische toepassingen in het dagelijks leven, van brandstoffen en kunststoffen tot voedingsmiddelen en oplosmiddelen. Dit is een snelle en overzichtelijke introductie in de organische chemie.

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​CHEMIE – ORGANISCHE STOFFEN​

​Systematische naam van organische stoffen​

​Alk​​– aan/een/yn – verwijzing functionele groep​

​Aantal C – atomen:​

​1​ ​2​ ​3​ ​4​ ​5​ ​6​ ​7​ ​8​ ​9​ ​10​
​Meth-​ ​Eth-​ ​Prop-​ ​But-​ ​Pent-​ ​Hex-​ ​Hept-​ ​Oct-​ ​Non-​ ​Dec-​


​Bij​​niet-vertakte alkanen​​(C-atomen​​naast​​elkaar): n- voor naam, gebruiken vanaf 4 C-atomen.​



​Alk –​​aan/een/yn​​– verwijzing functionele groep:​

​-aan​​: enkel​​enkelvoudige​​bindingen​

​-een:​​minstens​​1 dubbele​​binding​

​-yn:​​minstens​​1 driedubbele​​binding​



​Alk – aan/een/yn –​​verwijzing functionele groep:​

​-ol:​​alcohol​

​-zuur:​​alkaanzuur​

​Geen​​verwijzing:​

​→ alkaan/alkeen/alkyn​

​Alkanen​

​Eigenschappen:​

​1)​ ​Hoe meer C-atomen, hoe hoger het smelt- en kookpunt.​
​2)​ ​Gebruikt voor bradstof: alkanen zijn zeer brandbare stoffen​

​Volledige verbranding:​

​C​n​ ​H
​ ​​n+2​ ​+ O​​2​ ​🡪​​CO​​2​​+ H​​2​O
​ ​​(er wordt CO​​2​ ​gevormd.)​

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