NURS 3366 -
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
EXAM 3 REVIEW
• What is the initiating event that leads to the development of
atherosclerosis?
,• Release of the inflammatory cytokines
• Macrophages adhere to vessel walls.
• Injury to the endothelial cells that line the artery walls
• Release of the platelet-deprived growth factor ANSWER
c. Injury to the endothelial cells that line the artery walls
• What is the effect of oxidized low-density lipoproteins
(LDLs) in atherosclero- sis?
• LDLs cause smooth muscle proliferation.
• LDLs cause regression of atherosclerotic plaques.
• LDLs increase levels of inflammatory cytokines.
• LDLs direct macrophages to the site in the endothelium.
ANSWER a. LDLs cause smooth muscle proliferation.
• Which factor is responsible for the hypertrophy of the
myocardium associat- ed with hypertension?
• Increased norepinephrine
• Adducin
• Angiotensin II
,• Insulin resistance ANSWER c. Angiotensin II
• What pathologic change occurs to the kidney's glomeruli
as a result of hyper- tension?
• Compression of the renal tubules
• Ischemia of the tubule
• Increased pressure from within the tubule
• Obstruction of the renal tubule ANSWER b. Ischemia of
the tubule
• What effect does atherosclerosis have on the development of
an aneurysm?
• Atherosclerosis causes ischemia of the intima.
• It increases nitric oxide.
• Atherosclerosis erodes the vessel wall.
• It obstructs the vessel. ANSWER c. Atherosclerosis
erodes the vessel wall.
, • Regarding the endothelium, what is the difference
between healthy vessel walls and those that promote clot
formation?
• Inflammation and roughening of the endothelium of the artery
are present.
• Hypertrophy and vasoconstriction of the endothelium of
the artery are present.
• Excessive clot formation and lipid accumulation in the
endothelium of the artery are present.
• Evidence of age-related changes that weaken the
endothelium of the artery are present. ANSWER a.
Inflammation and roughening of the endothelium of the
artery are present.
• What is the usual source of pulmonary emboli?
• Deep venous thrombosis
• Endocarditis
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
EXAM 3 REVIEW
• What is the initiating event that leads to the development of
atherosclerosis?
,• Release of the inflammatory cytokines
• Macrophages adhere to vessel walls.
• Injury to the endothelial cells that line the artery walls
• Release of the platelet-deprived growth factor ANSWER
c. Injury to the endothelial cells that line the artery walls
• What is the effect of oxidized low-density lipoproteins
(LDLs) in atherosclero- sis?
• LDLs cause smooth muscle proliferation.
• LDLs cause regression of atherosclerotic plaques.
• LDLs increase levels of inflammatory cytokines.
• LDLs direct macrophages to the site in the endothelium.
ANSWER a. LDLs cause smooth muscle proliferation.
• Which factor is responsible for the hypertrophy of the
myocardium associat- ed with hypertension?
• Increased norepinephrine
• Adducin
• Angiotensin II
,• Insulin resistance ANSWER c. Angiotensin II
• What pathologic change occurs to the kidney's glomeruli
as a result of hyper- tension?
• Compression of the renal tubules
• Ischemia of the tubule
• Increased pressure from within the tubule
• Obstruction of the renal tubule ANSWER b. Ischemia of
the tubule
• What effect does atherosclerosis have on the development of
an aneurysm?
• Atherosclerosis causes ischemia of the intima.
• It increases nitric oxide.
• Atherosclerosis erodes the vessel wall.
• It obstructs the vessel. ANSWER c. Atherosclerosis
erodes the vessel wall.
, • Regarding the endothelium, what is the difference
between healthy vessel walls and those that promote clot
formation?
• Inflammation and roughening of the endothelium of the artery
are present.
• Hypertrophy and vasoconstriction of the endothelium of
the artery are present.
• Excessive clot formation and lipid accumulation in the
endothelium of the artery are present.
• Evidence of age-related changes that weaken the
endothelium of the artery are present. ANSWER a.
Inflammation and roughening of the endothelium of the
artery are present.
• What is the usual source of pulmonary emboli?
• Deep venous thrombosis
• Endocarditis
