1
BIOL 1P91 EXAM REVIEW ACTUAL
2025/2026 QUESTIONS AND 100%
CORRECT ANSWERS
Chromatids - (ANSWER)One half of a replicated chromosome. Each chromatid
contains one double helix of DNA.
binary fission - (ANSWER)A form of asexual reproduction in single-celled
organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size,
Prokaryotic cell division—splitting or dividing into two parts
Nucleoid - (ANSWER)The central region of a prokaryotic cell with no boundary
membrane separating it from the cytoplasm, where DNA replication and RNA
transcription occur.
origin of replication (ori) - (ANSWER)DNA sequence at which helicase unwinds
the DNA double helix and DNA polymerase binds to initiate DNA replication.
A specific region at which replication of a bacterial chromosome commences.
Mitosis - (ANSWER)Nuclear division that produces daughter nuclei that are exact
genetic copies of the parental nucleus.
Chromosomes - (ANSWER)threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that
contain the genes
,2
The nuclear unit of genetic information, consisting of a DNA molecule and
associated proteins
diploid or 2n - (ANSWER)An organism or cell with two copies of each type of
chromosome in its nucleus.
haploid or n - (ANSWER)An organism or cell with only one copy of each type of
chromosome in its nuclei.
ploidy - (ANSWER)The number of chromosome sets of a cell or species.
sister chromatids - (ANSWER)One of two exact copies of a chromosome
duplicated during replication.
chromosome segregation - (ANSWER)The equal distribution of daughter
chromosomes to each of the two cells that result from cell division.
Interphase - (ANSWER)The first stage of the mitotic cell cycle, during which the
cell grows and replicates its DNA before undergoing mitosis and cytokinesis.
G1 phase of interphase - (ANSWER)the cell carries out its function and, in some
cases, grows.
,3
S phase of interphase - (ANSWER)DNA replication and chromosome duplication
occur
G2 phase of interphase - (ANSWER)a brief gap in the cell cycle during which cell
growth continues and the cell prepares for mitosis (the fourth phase of the cell
cycle; also called M phase) and cytokinesis.
G 0 phase of interphase - (ANSWER)Cells that are not destined to divide
immediately enter a shunt from G1 called the G0 phase. In some cases, a cell in
G0 may start dividing again by re-entering G1.
Prophase - (ANSWER)The beginning phase of mitosis during which the duplicated
chromosomes within the nucleus condense from a greatly extended state into
compact, rodlike structures.
Nucleosome - (ANSWER)The basic structural unit of chromatin in eukaryotes,
consisting of DNA wrapped around a histone core.
Linker - (ANSWER)A short segment of DNA extending between one nucleosome
and the next in a eukaryotic chromosome
mitotic spindle - (ANSWER)The complex of microtubules that orchestrate the
separation of chromosomes during mitosis.
, 4
Spindle poles - (ANSWER)One of the pair of centrosomes in a cell undergoing
mitosis from which bundles of microtubules radiate to form the part of the
spindle from that pole.
Prometaphase - (ANSWER)A transition period between prophase and metaphase
during which the microtubules of the mitotic spindle attach to the kinetochores
and the chromosomes shuffle until they align in the centre of the cell.
kinetochore - (ANSWER)A specialized structure consisting of proteins attached to
a centromere that mediates the attachment and movement of chromosomes
along the mitotic spindle.
Metaphase - (ANSWER)The phase of mitosis during which the spindle reaches its
final form and the spindle microtubules move the chromosomes into alignment at
the spindle midpoint.
Karyotype - (ANSWER)A characteristic of a species consisting of the shapes and
sizes of all of the chromosomes at metaphase.
Anophase - (ANSWER)The phase of mitosis during which the spindle separates
sister chromatids and pulls them to opposite spindle poles.
Telophase - (ANSWER)The final phase of mitosis, during which the spindle
disassembles, the chromosomes decondense, and the nuclei re-form.
BIOL 1P91 EXAM REVIEW ACTUAL
2025/2026 QUESTIONS AND 100%
CORRECT ANSWERS
Chromatids - (ANSWER)One half of a replicated chromosome. Each chromatid
contains one double helix of DNA.
binary fission - (ANSWER)A form of asexual reproduction in single-celled
organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size,
Prokaryotic cell division—splitting or dividing into two parts
Nucleoid - (ANSWER)The central region of a prokaryotic cell with no boundary
membrane separating it from the cytoplasm, where DNA replication and RNA
transcription occur.
origin of replication (ori) - (ANSWER)DNA sequence at which helicase unwinds
the DNA double helix and DNA polymerase binds to initiate DNA replication.
A specific region at which replication of a bacterial chromosome commences.
Mitosis - (ANSWER)Nuclear division that produces daughter nuclei that are exact
genetic copies of the parental nucleus.
Chromosomes - (ANSWER)threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that
contain the genes
,2
The nuclear unit of genetic information, consisting of a DNA molecule and
associated proteins
diploid or 2n - (ANSWER)An organism or cell with two copies of each type of
chromosome in its nucleus.
haploid or n - (ANSWER)An organism or cell with only one copy of each type of
chromosome in its nuclei.
ploidy - (ANSWER)The number of chromosome sets of a cell or species.
sister chromatids - (ANSWER)One of two exact copies of a chromosome
duplicated during replication.
chromosome segregation - (ANSWER)The equal distribution of daughter
chromosomes to each of the two cells that result from cell division.
Interphase - (ANSWER)The first stage of the mitotic cell cycle, during which the
cell grows and replicates its DNA before undergoing mitosis and cytokinesis.
G1 phase of interphase - (ANSWER)the cell carries out its function and, in some
cases, grows.
,3
S phase of interphase - (ANSWER)DNA replication and chromosome duplication
occur
G2 phase of interphase - (ANSWER)a brief gap in the cell cycle during which cell
growth continues and the cell prepares for mitosis (the fourth phase of the cell
cycle; also called M phase) and cytokinesis.
G 0 phase of interphase - (ANSWER)Cells that are not destined to divide
immediately enter a shunt from G1 called the G0 phase. In some cases, a cell in
G0 may start dividing again by re-entering G1.
Prophase - (ANSWER)The beginning phase of mitosis during which the duplicated
chromosomes within the nucleus condense from a greatly extended state into
compact, rodlike structures.
Nucleosome - (ANSWER)The basic structural unit of chromatin in eukaryotes,
consisting of DNA wrapped around a histone core.
Linker - (ANSWER)A short segment of DNA extending between one nucleosome
and the next in a eukaryotic chromosome
mitotic spindle - (ANSWER)The complex of microtubules that orchestrate the
separation of chromosomes during mitosis.
, 4
Spindle poles - (ANSWER)One of the pair of centrosomes in a cell undergoing
mitosis from which bundles of microtubules radiate to form the part of the
spindle from that pole.
Prometaphase - (ANSWER)A transition period between prophase and metaphase
during which the microtubules of the mitotic spindle attach to the kinetochores
and the chromosomes shuffle until they align in the centre of the cell.
kinetochore - (ANSWER)A specialized structure consisting of proteins attached to
a centromere that mediates the attachment and movement of chromosomes
along the mitotic spindle.
Metaphase - (ANSWER)The phase of mitosis during which the spindle reaches its
final form and the spindle microtubules move the chromosomes into alignment at
the spindle midpoint.
Karyotype - (ANSWER)A characteristic of a species consisting of the shapes and
sizes of all of the chromosomes at metaphase.
Anophase - (ANSWER)The phase of mitosis during which the spindle separates
sister chromatids and pulls them to opposite spindle poles.
Telophase - (ANSWER)The final phase of mitosis, during which the spindle
disassembles, the chromosomes decondense, and the nuclei re-form.
