NSG 124 Pharmacology Actual Exam (Latest
Update ) Questions & Answers
with Rationales| 100% Correct | Grade.
1
A nurse prepares to give metoprolol. Which assessment is priority before
administration?
A. Respiratory rate
B. Blood glucose
C. Blood pressure ✅
D. Bowel sounds
Answer: C
Rationale: Beta-blockers lower BP and HR; check BP (and HR) before
giving and hold if hypotensive/bradycardic.
2
A patient on furosemide reports muscle cramps. Which lab value is most
likely abnormal?
A. Na⁺ 138
B. K⁺ 2.8 ✅
C. Ca²⁺ 9.0
D. Hgb 14
Answer: B
Rationale: Loop diuretics cause potassium wasting → hypokalemia →
cramps, arrhythmia risk.
,3
Sublingual nitroglycerin patient teaching: which statement is correct?
A. “Swallow immediately.”
B. “Take up to 3 doses 5 minutes apart if pain continues.” ✅
C. “Store in a pillbox.”
D. “Take only with food.”
Answer: B
Rationale: For acute angina, 1 tab SL q5 min ×3; call EMS if pain persists.
4
Which adverse effect is most concerning with aminoglycosides?
A. Constipation
B. Tinnitus ✅
C. Rash
D. Drowsiness
Answer: B
Rationale: Ototoxicity (tinnitus/hearing loss) and nephrotoxicity are key
aminoglycoside risks.
5 (SATA)
Which clients should NOT receive live vaccines?
A. Child on chemo ✅
B. Pregnant woman ✅
C. Healthy 5-yr-old
D. HIV pt with CD4 <200 ✅
E. Patient on long-term steroids ✅
Answer: A, B, D, E
Rationale: Live attenuated vaccines are contraindicated in pregnancy and
immunocompromised states.
,6
An opioid overdose patient — priority immediate antidote:
A. Flumazenil
B. Naloxone ✅
C. Atropine
D. N-acetylcysteine
Answer: B
Rationale: Naloxone reverses opioid respiratory depression.
7
A patient taking warfarin should avoid which OTC supplement that
increases bleeding risk?
A. Vitamin C
B. Ginkgo biloba ✅
C. Vitamin D
D. Iron
Answer: B
Rationale: Ginkgo, garlic, ginseng can increase bleeding; warfarin has many
interactions.
8
Which insulin has the fastest onset?
A. Regular
B. NPH
C. Insulin lispro ✅
D. Insulin glargine
Answer: C
Rationale: Rapid-acting analogs (lispro, aspart) act within 10–20 min; give
with meals.
, 9
A patient on ACE inhibitor develops cough — mechanism?
A. Decreased bradykinin
B. Increased bradykinin ✅
C. Allergic reaction
D. Beta-receptor stimulation
Answer: B
Rationale: ACE inhibitors inhibit bradykinin breakdown → accumulation →
dry cough.
10
Phenazopyridine (Pyridium) patient teaching — expect which harmless
effect?
A. Urine turns orange/red ✅
B. Vision loss
C. Constipation
D. Neurotoxicity
Answer: A
Rationale: Phenazopyridine causes orange-red urine discoloration; not
harmful but stains.
11
Heparin vs. warfarin: which lab to monitor for heparin?
A. INR
B. aPTT ✅
C. CBC only
D. Serum drug level
Answer: B
Rationale: Unfractionated heparin monitoring uses aPTT (or anti-Xa),
warfarin uses INR.
Update ) Questions & Answers
with Rationales| 100% Correct | Grade.
1
A nurse prepares to give metoprolol. Which assessment is priority before
administration?
A. Respiratory rate
B. Blood glucose
C. Blood pressure ✅
D. Bowel sounds
Answer: C
Rationale: Beta-blockers lower BP and HR; check BP (and HR) before
giving and hold if hypotensive/bradycardic.
2
A patient on furosemide reports muscle cramps. Which lab value is most
likely abnormal?
A. Na⁺ 138
B. K⁺ 2.8 ✅
C. Ca²⁺ 9.0
D. Hgb 14
Answer: B
Rationale: Loop diuretics cause potassium wasting → hypokalemia →
cramps, arrhythmia risk.
,3
Sublingual nitroglycerin patient teaching: which statement is correct?
A. “Swallow immediately.”
B. “Take up to 3 doses 5 minutes apart if pain continues.” ✅
C. “Store in a pillbox.”
D. “Take only with food.”
Answer: B
Rationale: For acute angina, 1 tab SL q5 min ×3; call EMS if pain persists.
4
Which adverse effect is most concerning with aminoglycosides?
A. Constipation
B. Tinnitus ✅
C. Rash
D. Drowsiness
Answer: B
Rationale: Ototoxicity (tinnitus/hearing loss) and nephrotoxicity are key
aminoglycoside risks.
5 (SATA)
Which clients should NOT receive live vaccines?
A. Child on chemo ✅
B. Pregnant woman ✅
C. Healthy 5-yr-old
D. HIV pt with CD4 <200 ✅
E. Patient on long-term steroids ✅
Answer: A, B, D, E
Rationale: Live attenuated vaccines are contraindicated in pregnancy and
immunocompromised states.
,6
An opioid overdose patient — priority immediate antidote:
A. Flumazenil
B. Naloxone ✅
C. Atropine
D. N-acetylcysteine
Answer: B
Rationale: Naloxone reverses opioid respiratory depression.
7
A patient taking warfarin should avoid which OTC supplement that
increases bleeding risk?
A. Vitamin C
B. Ginkgo biloba ✅
C. Vitamin D
D. Iron
Answer: B
Rationale: Ginkgo, garlic, ginseng can increase bleeding; warfarin has many
interactions.
8
Which insulin has the fastest onset?
A. Regular
B. NPH
C. Insulin lispro ✅
D. Insulin glargine
Answer: C
Rationale: Rapid-acting analogs (lispro, aspart) act within 10–20 min; give
with meals.
, 9
A patient on ACE inhibitor develops cough — mechanism?
A. Decreased bradykinin
B. Increased bradykinin ✅
C. Allergic reaction
D. Beta-receptor stimulation
Answer: B
Rationale: ACE inhibitors inhibit bradykinin breakdown → accumulation →
dry cough.
10
Phenazopyridine (Pyridium) patient teaching — expect which harmless
effect?
A. Urine turns orange/red ✅
B. Vision loss
C. Constipation
D. Neurotoxicity
Answer: A
Rationale: Phenazopyridine causes orange-red urine discoloration; not
harmful but stains.
11
Heparin vs. warfarin: which lab to monitor for heparin?
A. INR
B. aPTT ✅
C. CBC only
D. Serum drug level
Answer: B
Rationale: Unfractionated heparin monitoring uses aPTT (or anti-Xa),
warfarin uses INR.
