WGU patho D236 - questions and answers
2024\2025 A+ Grade
Turner syndrome
- correct answer A chromosomal disorder in females in which either an *X chromosome* is missing,
making the person XO instead of XX, or part of one X chromosome is deleted.
Tay-Sachs Disease
- correct answer A human genetic disease caused by a recessive allele for a dysfunctional enzyme leads
to the accumulation of certain lipids in the brain.
Seizures, blindness, and degeneration of motor and mental performance usually become manifest a few
months after birth, followed by death within a few years.
Down syndrome
- correct answer A condition of mild to severe intellectual disability and associated physical disorders
caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21
Diabetes Insipidus
- correct answer Antidiuretic hormone is not secreted adequately, or the kidney is resistant to its effect.
The *serum sodium is often elevated* due to excess free water losses.
In diabetes insipidus, your blood glucose levels are normal, but your kidneys can't properly concentrate
urine.
Cardiac Valve Disease Process
- correct answer In heart valve disease, one or more of the valves in your heart doesn't work properly.
Regurgitation (or leakage of the valve). When the valve(s) do not close completely, it causes blood to
flow backward through the valve. This reduces forward blood flow and can lead to volume overload in
the heart.
,Stenosis (or narrowing of the valve). When the valve(s) opening becomes narrowed, it limits the flow of
blood out of the ventricles or atria. The heart is forced to pump blood with increased force to move
blood through the narrowed or stiff (stenotic) valve(s).
Cardiac Valve Complications
- correct answer Heart valve disease can cause many complications, including:
* Heart failure.
* Stroke.
* Blood clots.
* Heart rhythm abnormalities.
* Death.
Respiratory Illness from bats
- correct answer *Viral hemorrhagic fevers* are spread by contact with infected animals or insects. The
viruses that cause viral hemorrhagic fevers live in a variety of animal and insect hosts.
Most commonly, the hosts include mosquitoes, ticks, rodents, or bats. Some viral hemorrhagic fevers
can also be spread from person to person.
Anemia
- correct answer Different types of anemia include:
Anemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency
Anemia due to folate (folic acid) deficiency
Anemia due to iron deficiency
Anemia of chronic disease
Hemolytic anemia
Idiopathic aplastic anemia
Megaloblastic anemia
Pernicious anemia
Sickle cell anemia
Thalassemia
, Acid Base Balance - lung and kidney compensation
- correct answer The kidneys have two main ways to maintain acid-base balance - their cells reabsorb
bicarbonate HCO3− from the urine back to the blood and they secrete hydrogen H+ ions into the urine.
By adjusting the amounts reabsorbed and secreted, they balance the bloodstream's pH.
Pyelonephritis
- correct answer Inflammation of the renal pelvis and the kidney
Prostate cancer
- correct answer Cancer of the prostate gland usually occurs in men middle-aged and older.
Artery response during blood loss.
Does cell shrink or swell ?
- correct answer *Vasoconstriction*
Marfan Syndrome - Autosomal dominant trait
- correct answer This condition is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern , which means one copy
of the altered gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the disorder.
At least 25 percent of Marfan syndrome cases result from a new mutation in the FBN1 gene
Spina Bifida
- correct answer Not having enough *folic acid* during pregnancy is one of the most important factors
that can increase the chances of having a child with spina bifida.
Bursitis
- correct answer Inflammation of a bursa sac. Inflammation of the fluid-filled pads (bursae) that act as
cushions at the joints.
2024\2025 A+ Grade
Turner syndrome
- correct answer A chromosomal disorder in females in which either an *X chromosome* is missing,
making the person XO instead of XX, or part of one X chromosome is deleted.
Tay-Sachs Disease
- correct answer A human genetic disease caused by a recessive allele for a dysfunctional enzyme leads
to the accumulation of certain lipids in the brain.
Seizures, blindness, and degeneration of motor and mental performance usually become manifest a few
months after birth, followed by death within a few years.
Down syndrome
- correct answer A condition of mild to severe intellectual disability and associated physical disorders
caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21
Diabetes Insipidus
- correct answer Antidiuretic hormone is not secreted adequately, or the kidney is resistant to its effect.
The *serum sodium is often elevated* due to excess free water losses.
In diabetes insipidus, your blood glucose levels are normal, but your kidneys can't properly concentrate
urine.
Cardiac Valve Disease Process
- correct answer In heart valve disease, one or more of the valves in your heart doesn't work properly.
Regurgitation (or leakage of the valve). When the valve(s) do not close completely, it causes blood to
flow backward through the valve. This reduces forward blood flow and can lead to volume overload in
the heart.
,Stenosis (or narrowing of the valve). When the valve(s) opening becomes narrowed, it limits the flow of
blood out of the ventricles or atria. The heart is forced to pump blood with increased force to move
blood through the narrowed or stiff (stenotic) valve(s).
Cardiac Valve Complications
- correct answer Heart valve disease can cause many complications, including:
* Heart failure.
* Stroke.
* Blood clots.
* Heart rhythm abnormalities.
* Death.
Respiratory Illness from bats
- correct answer *Viral hemorrhagic fevers* are spread by contact with infected animals or insects. The
viruses that cause viral hemorrhagic fevers live in a variety of animal and insect hosts.
Most commonly, the hosts include mosquitoes, ticks, rodents, or bats. Some viral hemorrhagic fevers
can also be spread from person to person.
Anemia
- correct answer Different types of anemia include:
Anemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency
Anemia due to folate (folic acid) deficiency
Anemia due to iron deficiency
Anemia of chronic disease
Hemolytic anemia
Idiopathic aplastic anemia
Megaloblastic anemia
Pernicious anemia
Sickle cell anemia
Thalassemia
, Acid Base Balance - lung and kidney compensation
- correct answer The kidneys have two main ways to maintain acid-base balance - their cells reabsorb
bicarbonate HCO3− from the urine back to the blood and they secrete hydrogen H+ ions into the urine.
By adjusting the amounts reabsorbed and secreted, they balance the bloodstream's pH.
Pyelonephritis
- correct answer Inflammation of the renal pelvis and the kidney
Prostate cancer
- correct answer Cancer of the prostate gland usually occurs in men middle-aged and older.
Artery response during blood loss.
Does cell shrink or swell ?
- correct answer *Vasoconstriction*
Marfan Syndrome - Autosomal dominant trait
- correct answer This condition is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern , which means one copy
of the altered gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the disorder.
At least 25 percent of Marfan syndrome cases result from a new mutation in the FBN1 gene
Spina Bifida
- correct answer Not having enough *folic acid* during pregnancy is one of the most important factors
that can increase the chances of having a child with spina bifida.
Bursitis
- correct answer Inflammation of a bursa sac. Inflammation of the fluid-filled pads (bursae) that act as
cushions at the joints.
